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Explain this diagram on the fractional distillation of air.
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Fractional distillation of air:
About 78 percent of the air is nitrogen and 21 percent is oxygen. These two gases can be separated by fractional distillation of liquid air.
Liquefying the air:
Air is filtered to remove dust.
It is then cooled in stages until it reaches –200°C. At this temperature, it is a liquid. The air has been liquefied.
Here's what happens as the air liquefies:
- Water vapor condenses and is removed using absorbent filters.
- Carbon dioxide freezes at -79°C and is removed.
- Oxygen liquefies at -183°C
- Nitrogen liquefies at -196°C
- The liquid nitrogen and oxygen are then separated by fractional distillation.
The liquefied air is passed into the bottom of a fractional distillation column. Just as in the columns used to separate oil fractions, the column is warmer at the bottom than it is at the top.
Updated on: 10-Oct-2022
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