Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram.

The fractional column is the most important part of fractional distillation apparatus. It is packed with glass beads or small pellets in it. This column helps to obstruct the upward movement of the vapours of the two liquids. The vapours of high boiling liquid get condensed earlier at a lower level. The length of the column would increase the efficiency of the process.