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(a) State the universal law of gravitation. Name the scientist who gave this law.
(b) Define gravitational constant. What are the units of gravitational constant?
(a). Universal law of gravitation: According to this law, "In this universe, every object attracts another object and this gravitational force(F) of attraction is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."
Sir Isaac Newton was the scientist who gave this law.
If there are two objects with masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ and $r$ be the distance between them then,
$F\propto m_1$........ (i)
$F\propto m_2$.......(ii)
$F\propto\frac{1}{r^2}$.........(iii)
From i, ii, and iii
$F\propto\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$
Or $F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$
Here $G$ is the gravitational constant.
(b). The force of attraction between two bodies of unit mass separated by a unit distance is defined as the Gravitational constant. Unit of gravitational constant is $N-m^2 kg^{-2}$.
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