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Overloading stream insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators in C++
C++ is able to input and output the built-in data types using the stream extraction operator >> and the stream insertion operator <<. The stream insertion and stream extraction operators also can be overloaded to perform input and output for user-defined types like an object.
Here, it is important to make operator overloading function a friend of the class because it would be called without creating an object.
Following example explains how extraction operator >> and insertion operator <<.
Example Code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Distance {
private:
int feet; // 0 to infinite
int inches; // 0 to 12
public:
// required constructors
Distance() {
feet = 0;
inches = 0;
}
Distance(int f, int i) {
feet = f;
inches = i;
}
friend ostream &operator<<( ostream &output, const Distance &D ) {
output << "F : " << D.feet << " I : " << D.inches;
return output;
}
friend istream &operator>>( istream &input, Distance &D ) {
input >> D.feet >> D.inches;
return input;
}
};
int main() {
Distance D1(11, 10), D2(5, 11), D3;
cout << "Enter the value of object : " << endl;
cin >> D3;
cout << "First Distance : " << D1 << endl;
cout << "Second Distance :" << D2 << endl;
cout << "Third Distance :" << D3 << endl;
return 0;
}Output
$./a.out Enter the value of object : 70 10 First Distance : F : 11 I : 10 Second Distance :F : 5 I : 11 Third Distance :F : 70 I : 10
Updated on: 30-Jul-2019
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