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How to remove the first and last character in a string in R?
To remove the first and last character in a string, we can use str_sub function of stringr package. For example, if a word say tutorialspoint is mistakenly typed as ttutorialspointt and stored in a vector called x then to remove the first and last “t”, we can use the command str_sub(x,2,−2).
Example1
library(stringr) x1<−"aallworldpopulations" str_sub(x1,2,−2)
Output
[1] "allworldpopulation"
Example2
x2<−c("AAlabamaa", "AAlaskaa", "AAmerican Samoaa", "AArizonaa", "AArkansass", "CCaliforniaa", "CColoradoo", "CConnecticutt", "DDelawaree", "DDistrict of Columbiaa", "FFloridaa", "GGeorgiaa", "GGuamm", "HHawaiii", "IIdahoo", "IIllinoiss", "IIndianaa", "IIowaa", "KKansass", "KKentuckyy", "LLouisianaa", "MMainee", "MMarylandd", "MMassachusettss", "MMichigann", "MMinnesotaa", "MMinor Outlying Islandss", "MMississippii", "MMissourii", "MMontanaa", "NNebraskaa", "NNevadaa", "NNew Hampshiree", "NNew Jerseyy", "NNew Mexicoo", "NNew Yorkk", "NNorth Carolinaa", "NNorth Dakotaa", "NNorthern Mariana Islandss", "OOhioo", "OOklahomaa", "OOregonn", "PPennsylvaniaa", "PPuerto Ricoo", "RRhode Islandd", "SSouth Carolinaa", "SSouth Dakotaa", "TTennesseee", "TTexasx", "UU.S. Virgin Islandss", "UUtahh", "VVermontt", "VVirginiaa", "WWashingtonn", "WWest Virginiaa", "WWisconsinn", "WWyomingg")
x2Output
[1] "AAlabamaa" "AAlaskaa" [3] "AAmerican Samoaa" "AArizonaa" [5] "AArkansass" "CCaliforniaa" [7] "CColoradoo" "CConnecticutt" [9] "DDelawaree" "DDistrict of Columbiaa" [11] "FFloridaa" "GGeorgiaa" [13] "GGuamm" "HHawaiii" [15] "IIdahoo" "IIllinoiss" [17] "IIndianaa" "IIowaa" [19] "KKansass" "KKentuckyy" [21] "LLouisianaa" "MMainee" [23] "MMarylandd" "MMassachusettss" [25] "MMichigann" "MMinnesotaa" [27] "MMinor Outlying Islandss" "MMississippii" [29] "MMissourii" "MMontanaa" [31] "NNebraskaa" "NNevadaa" [33] "NNew Hampshiree" "NNew Jerseyy" [35] "NNew Mexicoo" "NNew Yorkk" [37] "NNorth Carolinaa" "NNorth Dakotaa" [39] "NNorthern Mariana Islandss" "OOhioo" [41] "OOklahomaa" "OOregonn" [43] "PPennsylvaniaa" "PPuerto Ricoo" [45] "RRhode Islandd" "SSouth Carolinaa" [47] "SSouth Dakotaa" "TTennesseee" [49] "TTexasx" "UU.S. Virgin Islandss" [51] "UUtahh" "VVermontt" [53] "VVirginiaa" "WWashingtonn" [55] "WWest Virginiaa" "WWisconsinn" [57] "WWyomingg"
Example
str_sub(x2,2,−2)
Output
[1] "Alabama" "Alaska" [3] "American Samoa" "Arizona" [5] "Arkansas" "California" [7] "Colorado" "Connecticut" [9] "Delaware" "District of Columbia" [11] "Florida" "Georgia" [13] "Guam" "Hawaii" [15] "Idaho" "Illinois" [17] "Indiana" "Iowa" [19] "Kansas" "Kentucky" [21] "Louisiana" "Maine" [23] "Maryland" "Massachusetts" [25] "Michigan" "Minnesota" [27] "Minor Outlying Islands" "Mississippi" [29] "Missouri" "Montana" [31] "Nebraska" "Nevada" [33] "New Hampshire" "New Jersey" [35] "New Mexico" "New York" [37] "North Carolina" "North Dakota" [39] "Northern Mariana Islands" "Ohio" [41] "Oklahoma" "Oregon" [43] "Pennsylvania" "Puerto Rico" [45] "Rhode Island" "South Carolina" [47] "South Dakota" "Tennessee" [49] "Texas" "U.S. Virgin Islands" [51] "Utah" "Vermont" [53] "Virginia" "Washington" [55] "West Virginia" "Wisconsin" [57] "Wyoming"
Example3
x3<−c("AAKK", "AALL", "AARR", "AASS", "AAZZ", "CCAA", "CCOO", "CCTT", "DCDC", "DDEE", "FFLL", "GGAA", "GGUU", "HHII", "IIAA", "IIDD", "IILL", "IINN", "KKSS", "KKYY", "LLAA", "MMAA", "MMDD", "MMEE", "MMII", "MMNN", "MMOO", "MMPP", "MMSS", "MMTT", "NNCC", "NNDD", "NNEE", "NNHH", "NNJJ", "NNMM", "NNVV", "NNYY", "OOHH", "OOKK", "OORR", "PPAA", "PPRR", "RRII", "SSCC", "SSDD", "TTNN", "TTXX", "UUMM", "UUTT", "VVAA", "VVII", "VVTT", "WWAA", "WWII", "WWVV", "WWYY")
x3
[1] "AAKK" "AALL" "AARR" "AASS" "AAZZ" "CCAA" "CCOO" "CCTT" "DCDC" "DDEE"
[11] "FFLL" "GGAA" "GGUU" "HHII" "IIAA" "IIDD" "IILL" "IINN" "KKSS" "KKYY"
[21] "LLAA" "MMAA" "MMDD" "MMEE" "MMII" "MMNN" "MMOO" "MMPP" "MMSS" "MMTT"
[31] "NNCC" "NNDD" "NNEE" "NNHH" "NNJJ" "NNMM" "NNVV" "NNYY" "OOHH" "OOKK"
[41] "OORR" "PPAA" "PPRR" "RRII" "SSCC" "SSDD" "TTNN" "TTXX" "UUMM" "UUTT"
[51] "VVAA" "VVII" "VVTT" "WWAA" "WWII" "WWVV" "WWYY"
str_sub(x3,2,−2)
[1] "AK" "AL" "AR" "AS" "AZ" "CA" "CO" "CT" "CD" "DE" "FL" "GA" "GU" "HI" "IA"
[16] "ID" "IL" "IN" "KS" "KY" "LA" "MA" "MD" "ME" "MI" "MN" "MO" "MP" "MS" "MT"
[31] "NC" "ND" "NE" "NH" "NJ" "NM" "NV" "NY" "OH" "OK" "OR" "PA" "PR" "RI" "SC"
[46] "SD" "TN" "TX" "UM" "UT" "VA" "VI" "VT" "WA" "WI" "WV" "WY"
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