How to fill the NA values from above row values in an R data frame?

Sometimes we have missing values that can be replaced with the values on the above row values, it often happens in situations when the data is recorded manually and the person responsible for it just mention the unique values because he or she understand the data characteristics. But if this data needs to be re-used by someone else then it does not make sense and we have to connect with the concerned person. If the concerned person tells us that the first value in each row can be filled for every NA in the same column then it can be done by using match function.

Example

Consider the below data frame −

x1<-c(rep(1,3),rep(2,5),rep(3,8),rep(4,4))x2<-c(12,NA,NA,15,NA,NA,NA,NA,14,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,16,NA,NA,NA) df1<-data.frame(x1,x2)
df1

Output

x1 x2
1 1 12
2 1 NA
3 1 NA
4 2 15
5 2 NA
6 2 NA
7 2 NA
8 2 NA
9 3 14
10 3 NA
11 3 NA
12 3 NA
13 3 NA
14 3 NA
15 3 NA
16 3 NA
17 4 16
18 4 NA
19 4 NA
20 4 NA

Replacing NA’s in column 2 with the value in the above row −

df1$x2<-df1$x2[match(df1$x1,df1$x1)]
df1

Output

x1 x
1 1 12
2 1 12
3 1 12
4 2 15
5 2 15
6 2 15
7 2 15
8 2 15
9 3 14
10 3 14
11 3 14
12 3 14
13 3 14
14 3 14
15 3 14
16 3 14
17 4 16
18 4 16
19 4 16
20 4 16

Let’s have a look at another example −

y1<-c(rep("A",4),rep("B",4),rep("C",4),rep("D",4),rep("E",4))
y2<-1:20
y3<-c(123,NA,NA,NA,140,NA,NA,NA,142,NA,NA,NA,137,NA,NA,NA,16,NA,NA,NA) df2<-data.frame(y1,y2,y3)
df2

Output

y1 y2 y3
1 A 1 123
2 A 2 NA
3 A 3 NA
4 A 4 NA
5 B 5 140
6 B 6 NA
7 B 7 NA
8 B 8 NA
9 C 9 142
10 C 10 NA
11 C 11 NA
12 C 12 NA
13 D 13 137
14 D 14 NA
15 D 15 NA
16 D 16 NA
17 E 17 16
18 E 18 NA
19 E 19 NA
20 E 20 NA

Replacing NA’s in column 3 with the value in the above row −

df2$y3<-df2$y3[match(df2$y1,df2$y1)]
df2

Output

y1 y2 y3
1 A 1 123
2 A 2 123
3 A 3 123
4 A 4 123
5 B 5 140
6 B 6 140
7 B 7 140
8 B 8 140
9 C 9 142
10 C 10 142
11 C 11 142
12 C 12 142
13 D 13 137
14 D 14 137
15 D 15 137
16 D 16 137
17 E 17 16
18 E 18 16
19 E 19 16
20 E 20 16