How to create a binary random variable in R with given probability?

To create a binary random variable in R with given probability, we can use the rbinom function with sample size argument n, success size argument size, and probability argument prob. To understand, how it can be done check out the below examples.

Example 1

Create the vector using rbinom function with n = 500, size = 1, and prob = 0.05 as shown below −

x1<-rbinom(n=500,size=1,prob=0.05)
x1

Output

On executing, the above script generates the below output(this output will vary on your system due to randomization) −

 [1]  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[38]  0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[75]  0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[149] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[186] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[223] 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[260] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[297] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[334] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[371] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[408] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
[445] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[482] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Example 2

Create the vector using rbinom function with n = 500, size = 1, and prob = 0.10 as shown below −

x2<-rbinom(n=500,size=1,prob=0.10)
x2

Output

 [1]  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[38]  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
[75]  0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
[112] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[149] 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
[186] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[223] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
[260] 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
[297] 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[334] 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[371] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[408] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[445] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
[482] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

Example 3

Create the vector using rbinom function with n = 500, size = 1, and prob = 0.50 as shown below −

x3<-rbinom(n=500,size=1,prob=0.50)
x3

Output

 [1]  1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
[38]  0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
[75]  0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
[112] 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
[149] 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
[186] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
[223] 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
[260] 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
[297] 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
[334] 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
[371] 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
[408] 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
[445] 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
[482] 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0

Example 4

Create the vector using rbinom function with n = 500, size = 1, and prob = 0.90 as shown below −

x4<-rbinom(n=500,size=1,prob=0.90)
x4

Output

 [1]  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
[38]  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[75]  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[112] 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[149] 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
[186] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
[223] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
[260] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
[297] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
[334] 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
[371] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
[408] 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
[445] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
[482] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1