Functional Programming - First Class Function

A function is called a first class function if it fulfills the following requirements.

• It can be passed as a parameter to a function.

• It can be returned from a function.

• It can be assigned to a variable and then can be used later.

Java from version 8 onwards supports functions as first class object using lambda expressions. A lambda expression is a function definition and can be assigned to a variable, can be passed as an argument and can be returned.

Example - Calling a Function as Function Variable

FunctionTester.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

@FunctionalInterface
interface Calculator<X, Y> {    
   public X compute(X a, Y b);
}

public class FunctionTester {    
   public static void main(String[] args) {               
      //Assign a function to a variable
      Calculator<Integer, Integer> calculator = (a,b) -> a * b;

      //call a function using function variable
      System.out.println(calculator.compute(2, 3));
   }
}

Output

Run the FunctionTester and verify the output.

6

Example - Passing a Function as a parameter

FunctionTester.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

@FunctionalInterface
interface Calculator<X, Y> {    
   public X compute(X a, Y b);
}

public class FunctionTester {    
   public static void main(String[] args) {               
      //Assign a function to a variable
      Calculator<Integer, Integer> calculator = (a,b) -> a * b;

      //Pass the function as a parameter
      printResult(calculator, 2, 3);
   }

   //Function as a parameter
   static void printResult(Calculator<Integer, Integer> calculator, Integer a, Integer b){
      System.out.println(calculator.compute(a, b));
   }
}

Output

Run the FunctionTester and verify the output.

6

Example - Getting a function as a return

FunctionTester.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

@FunctionalInterface
interface Calculator<X, Y> {    
   public X compute(X a, Y b);
}

public class FunctionTester {    
   public static void main(String[] args) {               
      //Get the function as a return result
      Calculator<Integer, Integer> calculator1 = getCalculator();
      System.out.println(calculator1.compute(2, 3));
   }

   //Function as return value
   static Calculator<Integer, Integer> getCalculator(){
      Calculator<Integer, Integer> calculator = (a,b) -> a * b;
      return calculator;
   }
}

Output

Run the FunctionTester and verify the output.

6