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Explain unformatted input and output functions in C language
Unformatted input and output functions read a single input sent by the user and permits to display the value as the output at the console.
Unformatted input functions
The unformatted input functions in C programming language are explained below −
getchar()
It reads a character from the keyboard.
The syntax of getchar() function is as follows −
Variablename=getchar();
For example,
Char a; a = getchar();
Example Program
Following is the C program for getchar() function −
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char ch;
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen("file.txt","w"); //open the file in write mode
printf("enter the text then press cntrl Z:
");
while((ch = getchar())!=EOF){
putc(ch,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
fp=fopen("file.txt","r");
printf("text on the file:
");
while ((ch=getc(fp))!=EOF){
if(fp){
char word[100];
while(fscanf(fp,"%s",word)!=EOF) // read words from file{
printf("%s
", word); // print each word on separate lines.
}
fclose(fp); // close file.
}else{
printf("file doesnot exist");
// then tells the user that the file does not exist.
}
}
return 0;
}Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
enter the text then press cntrl Z: This is an example program on getchar() ^Z text on the file: This is an example program on getchar()
gets()
It reads a string from the keyboard
The syntax for gets() function is as follows −
gets(variablename);
Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main(){
char str[10];
printf("Enter your name:
");
gets(str);
printf("Hello %s welcome to Tutorialspoint", str);
}Output
Enter your name: Madhu Hello Madhu welcome to Tutorialspoint
Unformatted output functions
The unformatted output functions in C programming language are as follows −
putchar()
It displays a character on the monitor.
The syntax for putchar() function is as follows −
Putchar(variablename);
For example,
Putchar(‘a’);
puts()
It displays a string on the monitor.
The syntax for puts() function is as follows −
puts(variablename);
For example,
puts("tutorial");Sample Program
Following is the C program for putc and getc functions −
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
char ch;
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen("std1.txt","w");
printf("enter the text.press cntrl Z:
");
while((ch = getchar())!=EOF){
putc(ch,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
fp=fopen("std1.txt","r");
printf("text on the file:
");
while ((ch=getc(fp))!=EOF){
putchar(ch);
}
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
enter the text.press cntrl Z: This is an example program on putchar() ^Z text on the file: This is an example program on putchar()
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