Design Patterns - Builder Pattern

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Overview

Builder pattern builds a complex object using simple objects and using a step by step approach. This type of design pattern comes under creational pattern as this pattern provides one of the best ways to create an object.

A Builder class builds the final object step by step. This builder is independent of other objects.

Implementation

We have considered a business case of fast-food restaurant where a typical meal could be a burger and a cold drink. Burger could be either a Veg Burger or Chicken Burger and will be packed by a wrapper. Cold drink could be either a coke or pepsi and will be packed in a bottle.

We are going to create an Item interface representing food items such as burgers and cold drinks and concrete classes implementing the Item interface and a Packing interface representing packaging of food items and concrete classes implementing the Packing interface as burger would be packed in wrapper and cold drink would be packed as bottle.

We then create a Meal class having ArrayList of Item and a MealBuilder to build different types of Meal objects by combining Item. BuilderPatternDemo, our demo class will use MealBuilder to build a Meal.

Step 1

Create an interface Item representing food item and packing.

Item.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public interface Item {
   public String name();
   public Packing packing();
   public float price();	
}

Packing.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public interface Packing {
   public String pack();
}

Step 2

Create concrete classes implementing the Packing interface.

Wrapper.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Wrapper implements Packing {

   @Override
   public String pack() {
      return "Wrapper";
   }
}

Bottle.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Bottle implements Packing {

   @Override
   public String pack() {
      return "Bottle";
   }
}

Step 3

Create abstract classes implementing the item interface providing default functionalities.

Burger.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public abstract class Burger implements Item {

   @Override
   public Packing packing() {
      return new Wrapper();
   }

   @Override
   public abstract float price();
}

ColdDrink.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {

	@Override
	public Packing packing() {
       return new Bottle();
	}

	@Override
	public abstract float price();
}

Step 4

Create concrete classes extending Burger and ColdDrink classes

VegBurger.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class VegBurger extends Burger {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 25.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Veg Burger";
   }
}

ChickenBurger.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 50.5f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Chicken Burger";
   }
}

Coke.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Coke extends ColdDrink {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 30.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Coke";
   }
}

Pepsi.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 35.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Pepsi";
   }
}

Step 5

Create a Meal class having Item objects defined above.

Meal.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Meal {
   private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();	

   public void addItem(Item item){
      items.add(item);
   }

   public float getCost(){
      float cost = 0.0f;
      
      for (Item item : items) {
         cost += item.price();
      }		
      return cost;
   }

   public void showItems(){
   
      for (Item item : items) {
         System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
         System.out.print(", Packing : " + item.packing().pack());
         System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
      }		
   }	
}

Step 6

Create a MealBuilder class, the actual builder class responsible to create Meal objects.

MealBuilder.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class MealBuilder {

   public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
      Meal meal = new Meal();
      meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
      meal.addItem(new Coke());
      return meal;
   }   

   public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
      Meal meal = new Meal();
      meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
      meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
      return meal;
   }
}

Example - Usage of Builder Design Pattern

BuiderPatternDemo uses MealBuider to demonstrate builder pattern.

BuilderPatternDemo.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BuilderPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   
      MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();

      Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
      System.out.println("Veg Meal");
      vegMeal.showItems();
      System.out.println("Total Cost: " + vegMeal.getCost());

      Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
      System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
      nonVegMeal.showItems();
      System.out.println("Total Cost: " + nonVegMeal.getCost());
   }
}

interface Item {
   public String name();
   public Packing packing();
   public float price();	
}

interface Packing {
   public String pack();
}

class Wrapper implements Packing {
   @Override
   public String pack() {
      return "Wrapper";
   }
}

class Bottle implements Packing {
   @Override
   public String pack() {
      return "Bottle";
   }
}

abstract class Burger implements Item {

   @Override
   public Packing packing() {
      return new Wrapper();
   }

   @Override
   public abstract float price();
}

abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {

	@Override
	public Packing packing() {
       return new Bottle();
	}

	@Override
	public abstract float price();
}

class VegBurger extends Burger {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 25.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Veg Burger";
   }
}

class ChickenBurger extends Burger {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 50.5f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Chicken Burger";
   }
}

class Coke extends ColdDrink {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 30.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Coke";
   }
}

class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {

   @Override
   public float price() {
      return 35.0f;
   }

   @Override
   public String name() {
      return "Pepsi";
   }
}

class Meal {
   private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();	

   public void addItem(Item item){
      items.add(item);
   }

   public float getCost(){
      float cost = 0.0f;
      
      for (Item item : items) {
         cost += item.price();
      }		
      return cost;
   }

   public void showItems(){
   
      for (Item item : items) {
         System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
         System.out.print(", Packing : " + item.packing().pack());
         System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
      }		
   }	
}

class MealBuilder {

   public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
      Meal meal = new Meal();
      meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
      meal.addItem(new Coke());
      return meal;
   }   

   public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
      Meal meal = new Meal();
      meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
      meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
      return meal;
   }
}

Output

Verify the output.

Veg Meal
Item : Veg Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 25.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 30.0
Total Cost: 55.0


Non-Veg Meal
Item : Chicken Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 50.5
Item : Pepsi, Packing : Bottle, Price : 35.0
Total Cost: 85.5