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Classes and Objects in C++
Classes are the prime features of C++ as they support OOPS concepts and are user defined data types. Classes provide the specification for an object and contain data variables as well as functions to manipulate the data in a single package.
Class Definitions
A class definition starts with the keyword class and then the class name. After that the class body is defined. It is enclosed by curly braces. A class definition should either contain a semicolon or a list of definitions after it.
An example of a class definition in C++ is as follows.
class student {
int rollno;
char name[50];
float marks;
};The above class contains the details of a student, namely its roll number, name and marks.
Object Definitions
When a class is defined, it is only a specification. There is no memory or storage allocated at that time. So the object is created from the class to access the data and functions defined in the class. A class can also be called the blueprint for an object.
The declaration of an object of class student is given as follows.
Student stu1;
A program that demonstrates classes and objects in C++ is given as follows.
Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
int rollno;
char name[50];
float marks;
void display() {
cout<<"Roll Number: "<< rollno <<endl;
cout<<"Name: "<< name <<endl;
cout<<"Marks: "<< marks <<endl;
}
};
int main() {
Student stu1 = {1, "Harry", 91.5};
stu1.display();
return 0;
}Output
Roll Number: 1 Name: Harry Marks: 91.5
In the above program, first the class student is defined. It contains the details about the student such as roll number, name and marks. It also contains a member function display() that displays all the student details. The code snippet that demonstrates this is as follows.
class student {
public:
int rollno;
char name[50];
float marks;
void display() {
cout<<"Roll Number: "<< rollno <<endl;
cout<<"Name: "<< name <<endl;
cout<<"Marks: "<< marks <<endl;
}
};In the function main(), the object of the class student is defined with the student details. Then these details are displayed with a function call to display(). This can be seen as follows.
student stu1 = {1, "Harry", 91.5};
stu1.display();
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