C/C++ Program for nth Catalan Number?

Catalan numbers are a sequence of numbers. Catalan numbers form a sequence of natural numbers that occur in various counting problems, often involving recursively-defined objects.

• C_n is the number of Dyck words of length 2n. A Dyck word is a string consisting of n X's and n Y's such that no initial segment of the string has more Y's than X's. For example, the following are the Dyck words of length 6

XXXYYY XYXXYY XYXYXY XXYYXY XXYXYY.

• Re-interpreting the symbol X as an open parenthesis and Y as a close parenthesis, C_n counts the number of expressions containing n pairs of parentheses which are correctly matched

((())) ()(()) ()()() (())() (()())

• C_n is the number of different ways n + 1 factors can be completely parenthesized (or the number of ways of associating n applications of a binary operator). For n = 3, for example, we have the following five different parenthesizations of four factors:

((ab)c)d (a(bc))d (ab)(cd) a((bc)d) a(b(cd))

• Successive applications of a binary operator can be represented in terms of a full binary tree. (A rooted binary tree is full if every vertex has either two children or no children.) It follows that C_n is the number of full binary trees with n + 1 leaves:

Sample

Input - 6
Output - 1 1 2 5 14 42

Explanation

The first Catalan numbers for n = 0, 1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, ... are
1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 42, 132, 429, 1430, 4862,

Example

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long int catalan( int n) {
   if (n <= 1){
      return 1;
   }
   long int result = 0;
   for (int i=0; i<n; i++){
      result += catalan(i)*catalan(n-i-1);
   }
   return result;
}
int main(){
   for (int i=0; i<6; i++)
   cout << catalan(i) << " ";
   return 0;
}

Output

1 1 2 5 14 42