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Best practice to wait for a change with Selenium Webdriver?
The best practice to wait for a change in Selenium is to use the synchronization concept. The implicit and explicit waits can be used to handle a wait. The implicit is a global wait applied to every element on the page.
The default value of implicit wait is 0. Also it is a dynamic wait, meaning if there is an implicit wait of 5 seconds and the element becomes available at the 3rd second, then the next step is executed immediately without waiting for the entire 5 seconds. Once the 5 seconds have elapsed, and if element is not found, a timeout error shall be thrown.
Syntax
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait();
Example
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ImpctWt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm");
// wait of 5 seconds
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// findElement() will try to identify element till 5 secs
WebElement n=driver.findElement(By.id("gsc−i−id1"));
n.sendKeys("Java");
}
}The explicit wait is also used and it is applied to a specific element on the page. It is a WebDriverWait that works in association with the Expected Condition class. It is a dynamic wait, meaning if there is an explicit wait of 5 seconds and the element becomes available at the 3rd second, then the next step is executed immediately. Once the 5 seconds have elapsed, and element is not found, timeout error shall be thrown.
Some of the expected conditions for explicit waits are −
titleContains(String s)
alertIsPresent()
invisibilityOfElementLocated(By locator)
invisibilityOfElementWithText(By locator, String s)
textToBePresentInElement(By locator, String t)
visibilityOfElementLocated(By locator)
presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy(By locator)
visibilityOf(WebElement e)
presenceOfElementLocated(By locator)
elementToBeClickable(By locator)
stalenessOf(WebElement e)
Example
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class ExpltWt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm");
// identify element and click()
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[text()='Library']")).click();
// expected condition − invisibility condition
WebDriverWait wt = new WebDriverWait(driver,5);
// invisibilityOfElementLocated condition
wt.until(ExpectedConditions.
invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@class='mui−btn']")));
driver.close();
}
}
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