Java has various levels of protection that allow precise control over the accessibility of member variables and methods within classes, subclasses, and packages. The access control mechanism works with the help of access modifiers such as public, protected, private and package. They define scope of a variable, class and method. ... Read More

The protected and package access modifiers determine how a member of a class or method can be accessed. The modifiers are attached to the members at the time of declaration. We know that these access modifiers play a major role in Java oops concepts like encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance. It ... Read More

The protected and final access modifiers determine how a member of a class or method can be accessed. The modifiers are attached to the members at the time of declaration. We know that these access modifiers play a major role in Java oops concepts like encapsulation and inheritance. It helps ... Read More

JSP stands for Java Server Pages and is used for the purpose of developing web based applications. A single JSP page consists of HTML tags for static content and JSP tags to construct dynamic content. The JSP tags start with ‘’. We save our JSP file with the extension ‘.jsp’. ... Read More

ReetrantLock is a class that implements Lock Interface. It provides the synchronization feature with great flexibility which is why it is the most used lock class in Java. It is necessary for the reliable and fair working of thread. Here, threads are small sub-processes of a big operation. In this ... Read More

List is the sub-interface of Java Collection Interface. It is a linear structure that stores and accesses each element in a sequential manner. To use the features of list, we use ArrayList and LinekdList class that implements the list interface. In this article, we will create an ArrayList and try ... Read More

Complex numbers are expressed as the sum of a real number and an imaginary number. Its general form is ‘a + ib’ where a and b represent real numbers and ‘i’ an imaginary number. For example, 5.4 + 2.6i here, 5.4 is the real part and 2.6i is the imaginary ... Read More

HashMap is a class that is used to implement Map Interface. It stores its element in key-value pairs. The Key is an object that is used to fetch and receive value associated with it. It has access to all the methods of Map Interface, it does not have any additional ... Read More

Recursive Constructor Invocation is a compile time error that occurs when a constructor calls itself. It is similar to recursion where a method calls itself as often as necessary. The method that calls itself is called as recursive method and the constructor that calls itself is called as recursive constructor. ... Read More

Both StAX and SAX are a type of XML parser APIs. Here, API stands for Application Programming Interface and Parser is used to read and extract content from an XML document in desired format. From this line, it is clear that StAX and SAX are used to read XML documents. ... Read More