A Perl reference is a scalar data type that holds the location of another value which could be scalar, arrays, or hashes. Because of its scalar nature, a reference can be used anywhere, a scalar can be used.It is easy to create a reference for any variable, subroutine or value ... Read More

The context of a Perl subroutine or statement is defined as the type of return value that is expected. This allows you to use a single function that returns different values based on what the user is expecting to receive. For example, the following localtime() returns a string when it ... Read More

There is another type of lexical variable in Perl, which is similar to private variables but they maintain their state and they do not get reinitialized upon multiple calls of the subroutines. These variables are defined using the state operator and available starting from Perl 5.9.4.ExampleLet's check the following example ... Read More

The local is mostly used when the current value of a variable must be visible to called subroutines in Perl. A Perl local just gives temporary values to global (meaning package) variables. This is known as dynamic scoping. Lexical scoping is done with my, which works more like C's auto ... Read More

By default, all variables in Perl are global variables, which means they can be accessed from anywhere in the program. But you can create private variables called lexical variables at any time with the my operator.The my operator confines a variable to a particular region of code in which it ... Read More

You can return a value from Perl subroutine as you do in any other programming language. If you are not returning a value from a subroutine then whatever calculation is last performed in a subroutine is automatically also the return value.You can return arrays and hashes from the subroutine like ... Read More

When you supply a hash to a Perl subroutine or operator that accepts a list, then the hash is automatically translated into a list of key/value pairs. For example −Example Live Demo#!/usr/bin/perl # Function definition sub PrintHash {    my (%hash) = @_;    foreach my $key ( keys %hash ) ... Read More

Because the @_ variable is an array in Perl, it can be used to supply lists to a subroutine. However, because of the way in which Perl accepts and parses lists and arrays, it can be difficult to extract the individual elements from @_. If you have to pass a ... Read More

You can pass various arguments to a Perl subroutine like you do in any other programming language and they can be accessed inside the function using the special array @_. Thus the first argument to the function is in $_[0], the second is in $_[1], and so on.You can pass ... Read More

The general form of a subroutine definition in Perl programming language is as follows −sub subroutine_name {    body of the subroutine }The typical way of calling that Perl subroutine is as follows −subroutine_name( list of arguments );In versions of Perl before 5.0, the syntax for calling subroutines was slightly ... Read More