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Articles by Esther Susan
20 articles
What Are the Different Isolation and Screening Techniques?
Introduction Isolation is a process of separating individual bacteria to study their morphology or for industrial purposes. The process of isolating and screening a microbe out of natural surroundings, such as soil, which has a substantial microbial population, is a costly and lengthy process. For instance, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., after screening 4, 00, 000 organisms, identified three main types of microbes that produce antibiotics over the course of ten years. Streaking is a method used in microbiology to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microbe, frequently a bacterium. In order to identify, research, or ...
Read MoreWhat Are the Differences Between Primary and Secondary Metabolites?
Introduction Primary metabolites are the first byproducts produced by a living organism during its growth. Secondary metabolites are metabolites that support a variety of biological processes but are not involved in cellular growth and maintenance. The primary metabolites are intimately involved in primary growth, development, and reproduction, whereas secondary metabolites are indirectly involved in metabolisms while carrying out essential ecological functions in the body. This is the main contrast between primary and secondary metabolites. Definition of Primary Metabolites A Primary metabolite is one that plays a key role in growth, development, and reproduction. It typically serves an organism's physiological ...
Read MoreStrategies for the Development of Industrial Microbial Strains
Introduction The only aspect of managing the fermentation process is strain improvement. It is the process of enhancing or selecting a phenotype in order to increase a microorganism's productivity. To put it another way, it involves getting a strain of microbes to create more of the metabolites or enzymes we want. In industries like the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, whole-cell biocatalysis, and bioremediation, microbial strain enhancement is applied. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering techniques can be used to improve strains. By making changes to the metabolic pathways of bacteria in order to accomplish a certain objective is ...
Read MoreRole of Microbial Enzymes in Various Industrial Processes
Introduction Many different areas of the food industry, including dairy, baking, food processing and packaging, animal feed, fruit and vegetable juice, beverages, oil refinery, and confectionery, have found a use for microbial enzymes. Microorganisms are preferred sources for industrial enzymes because they are readily available and have a rapid rate of development. Microbial cells can easily undergo genetic modifications using recombinant DNA technology for increased enzyme output and scientific advancement. Role of Microbial Enzymes in Industries The use of commercial enzymes is more economical, and it is possible to genetically modify bacteria to create better and more stable enzymes ...
Read MorePrinciples of Bacteriology and Virology
Introduction A Branch of microbiology dealing with the study of bacteria is called bacteriology. Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. The beginning of bacteriology and the invention of the microscope happened simultaneously. The Dutch biologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who reported certain animalcules, as they were then called, in water, saliva, and other fluids in 1683, is likely the first person to have observed microbes. They had been observed using a straightforward lens with a 100-150 diameter magnification. When virology was founded, there were no techniques for reproducing or observing viruses, and there were no specialized laboratory tests ...
Read MoreMicrobial Enzymes and Their Uses
Microbial enzymes have so many uses in a wide range of industries (including the textile, leather, paper and pulp, research and development, pharmaceutical, agricultural, detergent, waste, and bio-refineries, as well as the photography and food industries), they are crucial to many industrial production processes. Introduction As enzymes are environmentally neutral and don't produce greenhouse gases or energy-intensive waste products, in many industrial production processes chemicals are replaced with enzymes. Microbial sources of enzyme production are the most preferred sources for industrial enzyme production because microbes are easily accessible, they grow at a very fast rate, and they can be genetically ...
Read MoreFood Technology and Nutrigenomics
Introduction Simply, nutrigenomic defines how the diet acts on genes and changes gene expression which is commonly prominent in cancer like non-communicable diseases. The usage of food science in the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution, is known as food technology. Early studies in food technology were primarily concerned with food preservation and inventions like food canning, milk powder, freeze drying, etc., Our world has transformed and been tremendously impacted by advancements in food technology. Nutritional genomics is the most recent branch of science that examines the connection between genes, nutrition, and health. The application ...
Read MoreBacterial Antibiotics: An Overview
Certainly, you must have used an antibiotic medication at least once during your life. One of the most widely used and significant classes of medications.Antibiotics are used to treat everything from severe ear infections or strep throat in children to burning UTIs or itching skin infections in adults. Some antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria. Introduction In 1941, Selman Waksman coined the term "antibiotic" to refer to any little chemical produced by a bacterium that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. The discovery of penicillin, which is made by a fungus, along with streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, which are made ...
Read MoreWhat Is the Difference Between Organogenesis and Histogenesis
Introduction The process of developing organs from three germ layers is called organogenesis. Cell-cell communication, cell fate determination, cell survival and proliferation, cell and tissue size and shape, and the organization of cells into tissues and ultimately functioning organs are all covered. The process through which cells in an embryo's initial germ layers specialize and take on the properties of the tissues that they eventually give rise to is called histogenesis. Research in regenerative biology is based on the study of organogenesis since the production of cells and tissues in vivo and in vitro frequently uses regulatory processes that ...
Read MoreWhat is Organogenesis?
Organogenesis Organogenesis is the process through which plant organs i.e., shoots, flowers, and roots form from either an ex-plant or a callus of culture. A fully grown plant is made up of organs that are each specialized for a certain task, such as roots for taking nutrients and water from the soil, leaves for photosynthesis, and flowers for reproduction. These organs comprise tissues like the meristem, cortex, phloem, and epidermis. Organogenesis is the process by which various organs develop and begin. Introduction The growth of plant parts like the root system, flowers, and shoot system is carried out by meristematic ...
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