Introduction Bioaugmentation is a biological technique used in environmental engineering to increase the rate of degradation of pollutants by introducing specialized microorganisms to contaminated environments. The process of bioaugmentation involves the addition of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms to an environment in which they are not naturally present, to accelerate ... Read More

Introduction Photobioreactors (PBRs) are a type of closed system used for growing microalgae or other photosynthetic organisms in a controlled environment. These systems use light as the primary source of energy for the microorganisms, which convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. PBRs are widely used ... Read More

Introduction Bioprocesses are complex series of steps that are carried out to produce biologically derived products or to make use of biological reactions for specific applications. These processes typically involve the use of living cells, enzymes, or other biological molecules to catalyze or carry out chemical reactions. Bioprocesses can be ... Read More

Introduction Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from water that has been used for industrial, commercial, and residential purposes. The purpose of wastewater treatment is to protect human health, the environment, and water resources by ensuring that treated wastewater meets certain quality standards before being discharged into the ... Read More

Introduction In recent years, pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing global concerns. Pollution affects every aspect of our lives; from the air, we breathe to the water we drink. It is a complex problem that requires a multifaceted solution, and biotechnology has an important role to play ... Read More

Introduction Fine chemicals are complex, highly purified compounds used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drugs, cosmetics, and food additives. The demand for fine chemicals has been steadily increasing over the years, owing to their crucial role in the manufacturing of high-quality pharmaceuticals. The production of fine chemicals ... Read More

Introduction Bioreactors are an essential part of bioprocessing, where they are used to cultivate microorganisms or cells and produce desired products. Bioreactors can be categorized based on their design, mode of operation, and type of organisms or cells cultivated. Packed bed bioreactors are a type of bioreactor commonly used in ... Read More

Introduction A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of biological wastewater treatment technology that employs a unique and innovative method for removing organic pollutants and nitrogenous compounds from wastewater. This technology is based on the use of a suspended biomass carrier, which is referred to as “biofilm media” ... Read More

A Farther Insight Microencapsulation is a technology that has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. It involves the process of enclosing tiny particles or droplets within a protective shell to create a new substance with unique properties. The technology has gained a lot of ... Read More

Introduction Microencapsulation is a process of enclosing tiny droplets of substances within a coating or shell to protect and deliver them to a target site. This technique has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as it offers many advantages over conventional delivery systems. Microencapsulation is a highly versatile technique ... Read More