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A background process in Linux is a process that runs independently of the shell session. When you start a background process and then close your SSH client, the process typically gets terminated due to the SIGHUP signal (hangup signal) sent to all child processes. This article explains several methods to prevent background processes from being stopped after SSH disconnection. Starting Background Processes In Linux, you can start a process in the background by appending the & symbol after the command: sleep 10000 & This command runs the sleep process in the background for 10, ... Read More
Bash provides several methods to add up numeric columns in data files. This article explores different approaches including awk, loops, and text processing commands, comparing their performance on column summation tasks. Using the awk Tool The awk command is the most straightforward approach for column arithmetic. It reads each line, accumulates values, and displays the final sum. $ awk '{Total=Total+$1} END{print "Total is: " Total}' numbers.csv Total is: 49471228 To measure performance, use the time command: $ time awk '{Total=Total+$1} END{print "Total is: " Total}' numbers.csv ... Read More
Checking if a directory is mounted is a common system administration task in Linux. There are several reliable methods to determine whether a specific directory serves as a mount point, each with different advantages and use cases. Using the mount Command The mount command is the most traditional method to check mounted filesystems. To check if a specific directory is mounted, combine it with grep − mount | grep "/mnt/data" If the directory is mounted, this returns information about the mount point, filesystem type, and source device. If not mounted, no output is displayed. ... Read More
KDE is one of the most popular and user-friendly desktop environments for Linux users. With its modern and sleek interface, it has won the hearts of many Linux enthusiasts. However, with so many KDE-based Linux distributions available, it can be challenging to decide which one to choose. In this article, we will explore the 8 best KDE-based Linux distributions that offer excellent performance, stability, and user experience. 1. Kubuntu Kubuntu is the official Ubuntu flavor that uses KDE Plasma as its desktop environment. Built on Ubuntu's solid foundation, it provides excellent hardware compatibility and a vast software repository. ... Read More
As a Linux user, you might have heard that the command line is the true power of Linux. While graphical user interfaces can be useful, the command line offers more control and flexibility. There are many command line tools available for Linux that can make your life easier and improve your productivity. In this article, we will explore 10 cool command line tools for your Linux terminal. The Grep Command The grep command is a powerful tool for searching text files. It allows you to search for specific words or patterns in a file or multiple files. The ... Read More
Linux has established itself as the preferred operating system for server deployments, offering unmatched reliability, security, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. With numerous distributions available, selecting the right one for your organization requires careful consideration of specific requirements and use cases. Enterprise-Grade Distributions Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) RHEL remains the gold standard for enterprise server deployments. Built for mission-critical applications, it provides 10-year lifecycle support, certified hardware compatibility, and comprehensive security features. RHEL excels in environments requiring regulatory compliance and enterprise-grade support with guaranteed SLAs. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) SLES offers robust enterprise features with ... Read More
Listing and sorting files and directories by size is essential for system administration, disk space management, and file organization. Linux provides multiple command-line tools and GUI methods to accomplish this task efficiently. This guide covers various approaches to list files and directories sorted by their size. Command Line Methods Using the ls Command The ls command is the most common tool for listing directory contents. By default, it sorts entries alphabetically, but you can modify this behavior with specific options. Basic listing with detailed information: ls -la This displays all files (including ... Read More
Git is a distributed version control system that helps developers manage changes and collaborate on projects efficiently. Git branches provide a way to work on different parts of the same project concurrently without interfering with each other's code. Branches serve as separate instances of a project, with their own commit histories and codebases. This allows multiple developers to work on the same file simultaneously without affecting each other's work. It also enables testing new features before integrating them into the main project, allowing developers to experiment with new ideas without compromising the stability of existing code. Git Branches ... Read More
Collectd is a lightweight system statistics collection daemon that gathers performance metrics such as CPU usage, memory utilization, disk I/O, and network traffic. It operates as a central monitoring solution, allowing administrators to collect data from multiple client systems and analyze it from a single server location. This article demonstrates how to configure Collectd as a central monitoring server to collect metrics from distributed client machines and visualize the data using modern dashboards. Prerequisites Before configuring Collectd, ensure you have the following − A server running Linux (Ubuntu or Debian preferred) One or more client ... Read More
Consider that we have a file named bar that contains different numbers inside it. The bar file looks something like this − immukul@192 linux-questions-code % cat bar 11 12 13 We need to get the sum of all the numbers present in the above file. There are several approaches and solutions that we can consider using different commands and techniques. Let's explore these possible solutions one by one. Bash Script Approach The most basic approach is to open the file and read the contents, then calculate the sum of all the numbers using a ... Read More