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Unix Articles
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Get unix timestamp from string without setting default timezone in PHP
In PHP, you can get a Unix timestamp from a string without setting a default timezone by specifying the timezone directly in the string or using DateTime objects. This allows you to work with different timezones without affecting your application's global timezone setting. Getting Default Timezone First, let's check what the default timezone is set to ? UTC Using strtotime() with Timezone in String You can include the timezone directly in the date string when using strtotime() ? Timestamp: 1577862000 Date: 2020-01-01 08:00:00 ...
Read MoreDifference between Pipes and Message Queues
Pipes and Message Queues are both Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms in Unix/Linux systems. Pipes provide a simple unidirectional byte stream between processes, while message queues provide a more flexible, bidirectional mechanism for exchanging discrete messages with optional priorities. Unix Pipes A pipe provides a unidirectional flow of data between processes. It is created using the pipe() function, which returns two file descriptors − one for reading and one for writing. Both the sender and receiver processes must be running simultaneously for a pipe to function. Message Queues A message queue allows a sender process to write ...
Read MoreShow Asterisks While Typing Sudo Password in Linux
Security is paramount in any GNU/Linux environment. One common concern is the visibility of passwords, especially when using sudo. By default, when you type your password for sudo, nothing is displayed on the screen. This "blank" input is a security measure, but some users prefer to see asterisks (*) or other characters as they type to confirm that something is being entered. This guide will explore how to configure your GNU/Linux system to display asterisks or other masking characters when typing your sudo password, along with important security considerations. But Why Mask Passwords? Actually, The primary reason for masking ...
Read MoreShell Initialization Files and User Profiles in Linux
The power and flexibility of Linux is deeply intertwined in its shell environment. Understanding how shell initialization files and user profiles work is crucial for customizing your Linux experience and optimizing your work-flow. These files control everything from your command prompt appearance to the environment variables available to your shell sessions. In this tutorial, we will explore the intricacies of shell initialization files, explaining their purpose, differences, and how to effectively use them. What are Shell Initialization Files? Shell initialization files, often referred to as "dotfiles" because of their leading dot (making them hidden by default in file managers), are ...
Read MoreLinux Boot Process - A Basic Guide
The Linux boot process, while seemingly complex, is a well-defined sequence of events that brings your system from a powered-off state to a fully functional operating system. Understanding this process is crucial for troubleshooting boot issues, customizing your system, and gaining a deeper understanding of Linux internals. In this tutorial, we will provide a basic overview of the Linux boot process, explaining each stage in detail. The Stages of the Linux Boot Process The Linux boot process can be broadly divided into the following stages − BIOS / UEFI − Basic I/O System or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. MBR ...
Read MoreCustom Shell Functions and Libraries in Linux
The Linux command line is a powerful environment for automating tasks and managing your system. While the built-in commands are highly versatile, creating custom shell functions and libraries can significantly enhance your work-flow, allowing you to encapsulate complex operations into reusable and easily accessible units. Read this tutorial to learn how to write, use, and manage custom shell functions and libraries in Linux. Why Use Custom Shell Functions and Libraries? Before we dive into the "how, " let's understand the "why." Custom shell functions and libraries offer several key advantages − Automation − Automate repetitive sequences of commands, saving ...
Read MoreBash Function in Linux
Have you ever wondered how to accelerate your daily Linux system administration tasks in an efficient and simpler way? If yes, then you might probably heard that Bash (Your Daily Linux Shell) and as any interpreter out there has a lot which can be used to automate various Linux-related tasks. In this tutorial, we will explain how to use one of the built-ins in Bash (Functions) to get your task quickly done. Table of Contents What are Bash Functions? Benefits of using Bash Functions Getting started with ...
Read MoreHow to purge disk I/O caches on Linux?
Most modern operating systems rely on disk I/O caching to improve system performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory. However, there are times when you might want to clear these caches, such as when benchmarking disk performance, troubleshooting, or ensuring that data is read from the disk rather than memory. This tutorial will guide you through the process of purging disk I/O caches on a Linux system but first let's dive into brief detail on what disk I/O caches are. Understanding Disk I/O Caches Linux uses a portion of system RAM to cache disk reads and writes, which speeds ...
Read MoreHow to Install WhatsApp on Linux?
WhatsApp is one of the most popular messaging applications worldwide, known for its simplicity and robust features. It allows you to share pictures, videos, make audio and video calls, one-to-one or in groups, with your friends and family. Moreover, there are plenty of groups and channels in WhatsApp for everyone which you can explore and join as per your interests. While it is primarily designed for mobile devices running Android and iOS, many users wish to access it on their desktop systems, including those running Linux. For Windows and Mac systems, WhatsApp provides official binaries for installation on your desktop ...
Read MoreHow to Get the IP Address of a Machine From Bash?
IP address stands for Internet Protocol address, which is a unique string of numbers assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. A system needs an IP address for various networking tasks in Linux, like setting up network connections, configuring services like file sharing, SSH or FTP or troubleshooting network-related issues, etc. An IP address can be classified into two main categories, public and private. A public IP address usually can be accessed from the Internet, whereas private addresses are reserved for internal use within your private network without being directly exposed. ...
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