Found 12 Articles for States of Matter

Introduction Henry's law is one of the important gas rules which was proposed by the English physician and chemist William Henry in the year 1830. The name is given as an honour to him. And is applicable only for dilute solutions. This law combined with other theories has witnessed many applications in Chemistry. The law focuses on the dissolution of gases on a particular liquid at a particular volume. It will deal with the weight of gases dissolved in liquids. It relates the relationship between the gas dissolved and partial pressure. According to this law, they are directly proportional at ... Read More

Introduction An isothermal process is a type or form of the thermodynamic process where the temperature (T) of the system (s) remains constant (c), that is ΔT=0. This process occurs generally when the system remains in contact with an outside (o) thermal reservoir, and also a change in the system (s) occurs slowly (s) enough to permit the system to be continuously adjusted or fixed to the temperature (T) of the reservoir through the heat (ΔH) exchange. For an ideal gas, all the collisions between (b/w) molecules or atoms (a) are perfectly (completely) elastic and there is no intermolecular ... Read More

Introduction Intermolecular Forces are the forces that serve as the foundation for all interactions between molecules. These interactions are less powerful than intramolecular forces. The intensity of the intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction dictates the sort of interaction that will occur between 2 molecules, as well as the alterations that these interactions will cause. When considering Intermolecular forces (IMF) of attraction, the most typical reference is a water $\mathrm{(H_{2}O)}$ molecule. Intermolecular forces (IMF) govern the physical characteristics of matter. Furthermore, water ($\mathrm{(H_{2}O)}$) is 1 of the few compounds that can exist in all 3 states: solid, liquid, as well as ... Read More

Introduction Dispersion force arises because of the fluctuation in the polarizability. It is a temporary effect. The noble gases that don't form any chemical bonds are attracted to each other and condense to liquid form at low temperatures. So, atoms also have a type of attraction. Fritz London, an Austrian physicist in 1930 introduced a theory that states that when two molecules approach each other the flow of electrons or the movement of electrons in one molecule will interfere with the electron movement in the other molecule. And they are by resulting in an attractive force. For a better understanding ... Read More

Introduction According to the kinetic theory of gases, gas disperses to fill the space it occupies in a container since it has no intermolecular interactions. To put it another way, the particles in a gas mixture are spaced enough to behave independently of one another and not interact. There are no interactions with other substance particles, hence the pressure of an ideal gas is dictated by its interactions with the vessel rather than those with other substance particles. Without changing the pressure of another gas, a gas will grow to fill the vessel in which it is enclosed. Thus, it ... Read More

Introduction Vapour is described as a substance that usually exists in the gaseous phase at a temperature (t) below its critical temperature (𝑇𝑐). That means the vapour can be frozen back to a liquid by or through exceeding pressure (p) on it and without decreasing the temperature. vapour pressure is the pressure at equilibrium that occurs from a liquid (l) or a solid (s) at a certain specific temperature. And the vapour pressure (p) of a liquid (l) or a solid (s) at equilibrium is not get affected or hampered by the quantity of contact with the liquid (l) or ... Read More

Introduction Liquids and gases are two forms of matter which tend to flow. Fluid substances also tend to flow. The ability to flow through its properties exists in only two states of matter - Liquid and gases. All three forms of matter act differently due to the differences in their intermolecular forces of attraction between particles. The arrangement of particles in substances gives compactness, rigidity, or fluidity. The substances tend to flow easily because of the larger inter-molecular spaces between particles. Liquids exhibit flow due to their molecular arrangement and spaces present between particles. Also, gases have large intermolecular spaces ... Read More

Introduction Examples of gases are as follows: oxygen, hydrogen, helium etc. It is not a new phenomenon that gases are one of four states of matter. Gases are made up of molecules that are further made up of individual atoms. Those atoms may be the same or different thereby forming elements and compounds respectively. The properties associated with the gases lie between the liquid and plasma states. All the physical characteristics of gases and the compositions are based on their intermolecular forces and intermolecular spaces between the constituents. Gases have very wide spaces between them due to the dominance ... Read More

Introduction The mechanical properties of fluids are a branch of physics that states about the mechanics of the fluids, it includes the liquid, gas and the plasmas. Fluids are incompressible which means the density of the liquid is not dependent on the variation in the pressure and remains as constant. They also count as the most non-viscous. It means, that two liquid surfaces that came in contact are not pressing any kind of tangential force on one another. What is Fluid? In the field of chemistry, the term fluid can be referred to any liquid or ... Read More

Introduction The properties of the solution are distinct compared to pure solvents and solutes. But several characteristics of the solution rely on the characteristics of the solute particles. It can be explained with some examples, the solution comprised of the solute Hydrogen chloride is acid while the solution of Ammonia is a base. And the solution of Sodium chloride is more packed while that of sucrose is thicker. But some characteristics of solutions do not rely on the character of solute particles existing instead it accounts only for the digit of solute particles present or the concentration of the solution. ... Read More