In C++, both virtual functions and runtime polymorphism are key features that enable dynamic behavior and code flexibility. Virtual Functions A virtual function is the member function that is declared in the base class using the keyword virtual and is overridden in the derived class. The virtual function enables runtime polymorphism means the function that will be executed is determined at runtime rather than at compile time. Characteristics of Virtual Function Following are the characteristics of the virtual function: Virtual function make sure the correct function is called for an object, regardless of the type ... Read More

A singly linked list is a type of linear data structure where each node contains two items: The data and a link to the next node in the list. Where, first node is called as head node and the last node is called the tail. So, you can traverse the linked list from the head node and continue until the link becomes null. Sorted Singly Linked List A singly linked list is supposed to be sorted when its elements are arranged in specific order (i.e., ascending or descending order), and each node contains data and a pointer (or reference) to ... Read More

Sorted Doubly Linked List A sorted doubly linked list is a type of doubly linked list in which elements are arranged in a specific order, typically ascending or descending based on the data values. Where, insertion operation makes sure that the new node is placed in its correct sorted position. A doubly linked list is a two-way linked list in which a node is connected with two pointers, i.e., next and previous pointers, which are references to the next node and previous node, respectively. Characteristics of Sorted Doubly Linked List The following are the characteristics of the doubly linked ... Read More

In data structure, Linked List is a linear collection of data elements. Each element or node of a list is comprising of two items - the data and a reference to the next node. The last node has a reference to null. Into a linked list the entry point is called the head of the list.Each node in the list stores the contents and a pointer or reference to the next node in the list, in a singly linked list. Singly linked list does not store any pointer or reference to the previous node.As it is a sorted singly linked ... Read More

Sorted Circular Doubly Linked ListA sorted circular doubly linked list is a type of circular doubly linked list in which elements are arranged in a specific order, typically ascending or descending based on the data values. The insertion operation makes sure that the new node is placed in its correct sorted position. In Circular Doubly Linked List two consecutive elements are linked or connected by previous and next pointer and the last node points to first node by next pointer and the first node also points to last node by previous pointer. Characteristics of Sorted Circular Doubly Linked List ... Read More

Circular Doubly Linked ListA circular linked list is called a circular doubly linked list in which each node has two links connecting it to the previous node and the next node. In Circular Doubly Linked List two consecutive elements are linked or connected by previous and next pointer and the last node points to first node by next pointer and the first node also points to last node by previous pointer. Characteristics of Circular Doubly Linked List The following are the characteristics of the circular doubly linked list: Circular: The main feature is that ... Read More

A subarray is a contiguous slice of an array, and maintains the order of elements naturally. (i.e., the elements of the subarray occupy consecutive positions). For example, the subarrays of an array {1, 2, 3} are {1}, {1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {2}, {2, 3}, and {3}. Input / Output Scenario Let's see the following input/output scenario: Input: arr[] = {1, 4, 5, 3, -1} Output: 13 Explanation: Subarray {1, 4, 5, 3} has the maximum sum 13. Input: arr[] = {1, 2, -3, 4, 5, -1} Output: 9 Explanation: Subarray {1, 2, -3, 4, 5} has the ... Read More

The median is defined as the middle value of a sorted list of numbers, and the middle value is found by ordering the numbers in ascending order. Once the numbers are ordered, the middle value is called the median of the given data set. Here, in this article, we have two different sorted arrays and need to find the median of these two array using binary search. Median depends on the sorted combined array. So, the following cases may occur: If the length of the combined array is odd, then the median should be the ... Read More

In this articles we will find the kth Smallest Element by Partitioning the Array in C++, let's see input/output scenario: Input / Output Scenario Following is the input-output scenario: Input: arr[] = {7, 2, 1, 6, 8, 5, 3, 4} Output: 3 In the above scenario, after sorting the array, it becomes {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, so the kth smallest element is 3. An array is a linear data structure that is a collection of elements of the same type in a contiguous memory location. So, to partition a given array, we need to use ... Read More

Double Order Traversal Double order traversal means each node in a tree is traversed twice in a particular order. A binary tree is a non-linear data structure where each node contains at most two children (i.e, left and right). Therefore, suppose we have a given binary tree, and the task is to find its double-order traversal. A double order traversal is a tree traversal technique in which every node traverses twice in the following order: Visit the node. Traverse the left subtree. Visit the node. ... Read More