File is a collection of records (or) a place on hard disk where the data is stored permanently.By using C commands, we can access the files in different ways.Operations on filesGiven below are the operations which can be performed on files in the C programming language −Naming the fileOpening the fileReading from the fileWriting into the fileClosing the fileSyntaxThe syntax for opening and naming a file respectively is given below −FILE *File pointer;For example, FILE * fptr;File pointer = fopen (“File name”, “mode”);For example, fptr = fopen (“sample.txt”, “r”);FILE *fp; fp = fopen (“sample.txt”, “w”);The syntax for reading from file ... Read More

Sorting is the process of arranging the elements either in ascending (or) descending order. This process is determined for accessing and organizing data quickly. Sorting helps in optimizing search techniques and operations that make the data more readable and accessible. This involves comparing elements that rearrange the readable and accessible determined by criteria. Types of sorting Sorting in C involves different methods that determine the data in a certain order. C language provides five sorting techniques, which are as follows − Bubble sort (or) Exchange Sort Selection sort ... Read More

An array of characters is called a string.Given below is the declaration of a string −char stringname [size];For example, char string[50]; string of length 50 characters.InitializationUsing single character constant.char string[10] = { ‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’ ,‘\0’}Using string constants.char string[10] = “Hello”:;AccessingThere is a control string “%s” used for accessing the string till it encounters ‘\0’.The logic we used to print the ASCII values of a given string at runtime is as follows −while(str[i]!='\0'){    printf("ASCII Value of %c = %d", str[i], str[i]);    i++; }ExampleFollowing is the C program to print the ASCII values of a given string ... Read More

ProblemPrint the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) values of 0 to 255 characters without initializing the character to integer type variable. Simply, use the format specifier.SolutionHere we are writing a program to print only from 65 to 122.If you want to see all ASCII values, in for loop you can write as follows −For(i=0;i

ProblemRemove all the extra spaces from an entered string at runtime with the help of while loop by checking the spaces at each index of a character.SolutionConsider an example given below −It removes all the spaces from a given string. The given string is Tutorials Point C Programming. The result after removing spaces is TutorialsPointCProgramming.An array of characters is called a string.Given below is the declaration of a string −char stringname [size];For example, char string[50]; string of length 50 characters.InitializationUsing single character constant.char string[10] = { ‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’ ,‘\0’}Using string constants.char string[10] = “Hello”:;AccessingThere is a control ... Read More

ProblemRemove all the spaces from an entered string at runtime with the help of while loop by checking spaces at each index of a character.SolutionConsider an example given below −It removes all the spaces from a given string. The given string is Tutorials Point C Programming. The result after removing spaces is TutorialsPointCProgramming.An array of characters is called a string.Given below is the declaration of a string −char stringname [size];For example, char string[50]; string of length 50 characters.InitializationUsing single character constant.char string[10] = { ‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’ ,‘\0’}Using string constants.char string[10] = “Hello”:;AccessingThere is a control string “%s” ... Read More

Linked lists use dynamic memory allocation i.e. they grow and shrink accordingly. It is collection of nodes.Node has two parts, which are data and link. These are explained below.Operations on linked listsThere are three types of operations on linked lists which are as follows −InsertionDeletionTraversingDeletionIdentify the node.Adjust the links in such a way that deallocation of the nodes does not make the list as unconnected components.Return/display element to delete.Deallocate the memory.Delete Head elementFollow the steps given below to delete a head element in C programming language.1. void del_head() 2. { 3. int x;    Node *temp; 4. if(Head==NULL) 5. { ... Read More

We know that functions can be called by value and called by reference.If the actual parameter should not change in called function, pass the parameter-by value.If the value of actual parameter should get changed in called function, then use pass-by reference.If the function has to return more than one value, return these values indirectly by using call-by-reference. Read Also: Function Call by Value in C and Function Call by Reference in C ExampleFollowing is the C program for the demonstration of returning the multiple values − Live Demo#include void main() {    void areaperi(int, int*, int*);    int r;    float ... Read More

Storage classes specify the scope, lifetime and binding of variables.To fully define a variable, one needs to mention not only its ‘type’ but also its storage class.A variable name identifies some physical location within computer memory, where a collection of bits are allocated for storing values of variable.Storage class tells us the following factors −Where the variable is stored (in memory or cpu register)?What will be the initial value of variable, if nothing is initialized?What is the scope of variable (where it can be accessed)?What is the life of a variable?BindingBinding finds the corresponding binding occurrence (declaration/definition) for an applied ... Read More

Storage classes define the scope, lifetime, and binding of variables. To fully define a variables., you need to specify both its type and storage class. A variable name identifies a physical location in computer memory where bits are allocated to store the variable's value. Every object has a storage class that specifies the duration of its storage, which may be static, automatic, or dynamic, along with other features. Storage class tells us the following factors − Where is the variable stored: in memory or in the CPU register? What will be ... Read More