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R Programming Articles
Page 159 of 174
How to change number formatting from scientific to numbers of axes labels in a scatterplot using ggplot2 package in R?
When we create a scatterplot or any other plot and the values are presented in scientific form in the original data then the axes values of the plot are also plotted in scientific form. This makes the plot ambiguous, therefore, reading the plot or interpreting it becomes difficult. Hence, we need to convert the scientific form of the axes labels to numbers and it can be done by using scale_x_continuous(labels =comma) and scale_y_continuous(labels=comma) for both the axes.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(101) x
Read MoreHow to manage top and bottom spaces of a bar plot using ggplot2 in R?
A bar plot is one of the most commonly used plots for categorical data and it can be easily done in R with the help of ggplot2. When we create a bar plot using ggplot2, there exists some space between bars and the X-axis and the largest bar and top area of the plot. This can be reduced or increased by using scale_y_continuous function.ExampleConsider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to add a prefix to columns of an R data frame?
If we want to provide more information about the data, we have in columns of an R data frames then we might want to use prefixes. These prefixes help everyone to understand the data, for example, we can use data set name as a prefix, the analysis objective as a prefix, or something that is common among all the columns. To add a prefix to columns of an R data frame, we can use paste function to separate the prefix with the original column names.ExampleConsider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(100) Rate
Read MoreHow to get list of all columns except one or more columns from an R data frame?
Sometimes, we want to use some columns of an R data frame for analysis, therefore, it is better to get a list of all the columns that we need. In this way, we don’t have to worry about the column operations, if required because we will be having only necessary columns. To get the list of all columns except one or more columns can be done with the help of single square brackets.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(100) x1
Read MoreHow to create a scatterplot in R using ggplot2 with different designs of points?
Scatterplot helps us to identify the linear relationship between two variables and it is the first step of determining a predictive model. Before using any predictive modeling technique we must draw a scatterplot between independent and dependent variables to check what kind of relationship exists between them. A scatterplot generally represented by circular points on the plot area but we can have different types of points such as square, rectangle, diamond, etc. In ggplot2, pch argument of geom_point can help us to create scatterplot with these types of points.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(123) x
Read MoreHow to deal with error "Error in eval(predvars, data, env) : numeric 'envir' arg not of length one" in R?
This error occurs when we do not pass the argument for independent variable as a data frame. The predict function will predict the value of the dependent variable for the provided values of the independent variable and we can also use the values of the independent variable using which the model is created.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(1) x
Read MoreHow to change the border color of points in a scatterplot created with ggplot2 in R?
Aesthetics is an essential part of a plot whether it is a scatterplot or any other plot. When we create a scatterplot with ggplot function of ggplot2 package, the border of the points is black if we fill the points with the sequence of a color but we can change these borders to any other color by using colour argument.ExampleConsider the below data frameRate
Read MoreHow to remove the border of the legend of a chart created by plot function in R?
When we create a chart using plot function and add a legend to that chart, the output of the chart has the legend that is covered with borders. But this breaks the flow of the chart and the area covered by the order make the chart unattractive. Therefore, we can use bty="n" with the legend function and it will remove the border of the legend.ExampleCreating the chart with legend that has border −plot(x=1:10, y=10:1) legend(1, 2, "This is a scatterplot between x and y")OutputCreating the chart with legend which does not have a border −Exampleplot(x=1:10, y=10:1) legend(1, 2, "This is ...
Read MoreHow to create colored Venn Diagrams?
Reading transparent Venn Diagrams is a little difficult due to transparency in all areas, therefore, we should create Venn Diagrams that has different color in each of the area. This will help us to easily read the diagram and also the diagram will be more appealing to viewers. We can do this by using venn.diagram function of VennDiagram package.Installing and Loading VennDiagram package −Exampleinstall.packages(“VennDiagram”) library(VennDiagram)Creating the colored Venn Diagram (Note: The colored diagram will be saved in default folder for R in your system, mostly it is documents folder) −venn.diagram(list(x=1:10, y=7:12), fill=c("yellow", "black"), + filename = "Example1.tiff")Outputvenn.diagram(list(x=1:10, y=7:12, z=9:16), fill=c("yellow", ...
Read MoreHow to change ordinal X-axis label to text labels using ggplot2 in R?
A plot created with ordinal values on X-axis needs to be ordered for plotting, otherwise, the plot will have continuous values on the X-axis that includes ordinal values. If we want to convert those values to text then scale_x_discrete should be used with the number of breaks, these number of breaks are the actual number of labels we want to use in our plot.ExampleConsider the below data frame −x
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