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R Programming Articles
Page 144 of 174
How to create a plot of binomial distribution in R?
A binomial distribution is based on the distribution of success and failure, the other two parameters of binomial distribution are the sample size and the probability of success. To create a plot of binomial distribution, we first need to define the density of the binomial distribution using dbinom function. The plotting can be done by using plot function with success and the density as shown in the below examples.Examplex
Read MoreHow to deal with missing column for row names when converting data frame to data.table object in R?
To deal with missing column of row names when converting data frame in R to data.table object, we need to use keep.rownames argument while converting the data frame. For example, if we have a data frame called df that needs to be converted to a data.table object without missing row names then we can use the below command −data.table(df,keep.rownames=TRUE)Examplelibrary(data.table) head(mtcars)Output mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1Examplemtcars_data_table
Read MoreHow to remove the plot margin in base R between the axes and the points inside the plot?
To remove the plot margin in base R between the axes and the points inside the plot, we can use xaxs and yaxs argument in plot function. Depending on the choices of the arguments xaxs and yaxs, the plot region in the respective direction is 4% larger than specified by these limits or exactly matches the "i" limits.Examplex
Read MoreHow to increase the thickness of histogram lines in base R?
To increase the thickness of histogram lines in base R, we would need to use par function by defining the thickness size of the line. If we want to do so then line thickness must be defined first before creating the histogram. An example of line size could be line
Read MoreHow to create a cumulative sum plot in base R?
To create a cumulative sum plot in base R, we can simply use plot function. For cumulative sums inside the plot, the cumsum function needs to be used for the variable that has to be summed up with cumulation. For example, if we have two vectors say x and y then the plot with cumulative sum plot can be created as plot(x,cumsum(y)).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to change the linetype for geom_vline in R?
To change the linetype for geom_vline, we can use linetype argument in geom_vline function of ggplot2 package. There are mainly six linetypes that can be used and these values are 0=blank, 1=solid (default), 2=dashed, 3=dotted, 4=dotdash, 5=longdash, 6=twodash.Consider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to create a perpendicular arrow in base R plot?
To create a perpendicular arrow in base R plot, we can use arrows function. There are five arguments of arrows function that will be used to create the perpendicular arrow. The first four values define the position of the arrow and the last argument xpd allows R to create the arrow. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Exampleplot(1:10) arrows(1,-1,1,0,xpd=TRUE)OutputExampleplot(1:10) arrows(1,-1,1,2,xpd=TRUE)OutputExampleplot(1:10) arrows(2,-1,2,2,xpd=TRUE)Output
Read MoreHow to fill histogram bars using ggplot2 in R with different colors?
When we create histogram using ggplot2 we need to pass the number of bins we want to have in the histogram and on the basis of these bin numbers the histogram will be created, these bin numbers are actually the number of bars we will have in the histogram. To fill those bars with different colors, we need to use fill argument and pass a range of values equal to the number of bins as shown in the below example.Consider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to display mean in a histogram using ggplot2 in R?
To display mean in a histogram using ggplot2, we can use geom_vline function where we need to define the x-intercept value as the mean of the column for which we want to create the histogram. Also, we can change the size of the line for mean in the histogram by using size argument inside geom_vline function.Consider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to remove Y-axis labels in R?
When we create a plot in R, the Y-axis labels are automatically generated and if we want to remove those labels, the plot function can help us. For this purpose, we need to set ylab argument of plot function to blank as ylab="" and yaxt="n" to remove the axis title. This is a method of base R only, not with ggplot2 package.Examplex
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