In haskell, we can use unlines and replicate functions to print mirror lower star in triangle pattern. In the first example, we are going to use ( mirrorLowerTriangle n = unlines [replicate i '*' | i

In Haskell, to print the downward traingle star pattern we will be using mapM_, replicate and unlines functions. In the first example, we are going to use ( mapM_ putStrLn $ map (concat . flip replicate "*") rows) function defined under main function and in the second example, we are going to use user-defined, (printDownwardTriangle n = mapM_ putStrLn [replicate i '*' | i

In Haskell, to print the Left Triangle Star Pattern we will be using mapM_ function, replicate function and recursion. In the first example, we are going to use ( mapM_ putStrLn [replicate i '*' | i > putStrLn (replicate n '*') else return ()) function. Method 1: Printing Left Triangle Star Pattern using mapM_ function under main function In this method, we first define the number of rows of the triangle as n (in this case, n = 5). We then use a list comprehension to generate a list of strings, where each string is a row of the ... Read More

We can use elem function in Haskell to check whether the given alphabet is vowel or consonant. In the first example, we are going to use (isVowel c = c `elem` "aeiouAEIOU") function. And in other examples, we’re going to use elem function along with certain if-else statements, nested conditions and guards. Algorithm Step 1 − The data type ‘Person’ is defined with two fields name and an age. Step 2 − The isVowel function is defined using elem function as Step 3 − The program execution will be started from main function. The main() function has whole control ... Read More

In Haskell, we will call one constructor from another by using user-defined function. In the first example, we are going to use (newPerson name = Person name 10) constructor and in the second example, we are going to use (newPerson n a = Person { name = n, age = a }) constructor. In the third example, we are going to use (clonePerson p = p { name = name p ++ " clone" }) constructor and in the fourth example, we are going to use (clonePerson p = p { name = name p ++ " clone" }) ... Read More

Haskell has internal function like finiteBitSize, ceiling, logBase, length and showIntAtBase that can be used to get total bits required from the given number. In the first example, we are going to use (bits = finiteBitSize (fromIntegral x :: Int)) function and in the second example, we are going to use (bitsRequired n = ceiling (logBase 2 (fromIntegral (abs n) + 1))) function. In the third example, we are going to use (bitsRequired n = length $ showIntAtBase 2 intToDigit (abs n) "") function. Algorithm Step 1 − Import the internal libraries Step 2 − The bitsRequired function ... Read More

In Haskell, we will calculate the logarithm gamma of the given number by using Stirling’s approximation and Lanczos appromixation formula. In the first example, we are going to use Stirling’s approximation with (s = foldr (\(c, q) acc -> c + (q / (x + acc))) 0 (zip (tail p) q) in (log s) - t + log (sqrt (2 * pi) / x) + (c * log (1 + c / 12.0 - (c * c) / 360.0)) function and in the second example, we are going to use Lanczos approximation formula along with (lanczos = log $ ... Read More

In Haskell, we can use round, printf and truncate functions to round a number to n decimal places. In the first example, we are going to use (roundTo n x = (fromInteger $ round $ x * (10^n)) / (10.0^^n)) function and in the second example, we are going to use (roundTo n x = read $ printf ("%." ++ show n ++ "f") x) function.In the third example, we are going to use (roundTo n x = fromIntegral (truncate $ x * 10^n) / 10^n). Algorithm Step 1 − The roundTo function is defined using round function Step ... Read More

In Swift, you can use the Equatable protocol to compare enums with associated values. In this article, we will see how we can compare them using the Equatable protocol with an example. Enumeration with Associated Values In Swift, you can provide a value along with an enum case. This makes enumeration more powerful in Swift. A Swift feature called an enumeration with associated values enables you to design a type that can have a finite set of cases, each of which can have a unique set of associated values of any type. This enables you to link data to each ... Read More

In Swift to get the first N objects of an array, we can use the prefix function or Range operator. This prefix function is used to retrieve the prefix elements by passing the count limit. Also, you can use the range operator to get n number of elements from an array. Let's see some examples. In Swift, the prefix function returns an array containing the first n elements. Using the Prefix Function You can use the prefix function to get the first n elements of an array. Step 1 − Create an input array Step 2 − Call the ... Read More