Programming Articles - Page 2571 of 3363

In C/C++, an inline function is a function where the compiler replaces the function call with the actual code of the function during compilation. So, this makes the program run faster than a normal function call. Why to Use Inline Function in C/C++? We should use an inline function in C/C++ when the function is very simple and small size. Also, avoid the regular function call and replace macros with type safety. Let us understand how an inline function is used for small functions. Suppose we write square(5), the compiler converts it directly to 5*5. This makes the program run ... Read More

In C++, a superclass serves as a base/parent class. When we create a derived class (or child class) from a superclass, sometimes we have to call the constructor of the base class along with the constructor of the derived class. Unlike Java, there is no reference variable for the superclass. If the constructor is non-parameterized, then it will be called automatically with the derived class, otherwise, we have to put the superclass constructor in the initializer list of the derived class. Constructor Without Arguments It is a default constructor where no argument is passed to it. Here, we create a ... Read More

Sometimes we have noticed that the console is being closed immediately after displaying the result. So we cannot see the result properly. Here we will see how we can stop the console from closing.The idea is very simple. We can use the getchar() function at the end. This will wait for one character. If one character is pressed, the console will exit.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main() {    cout

Here we will see the Johnson’s Algorithm to find shortest path between two vertices. The graph is given here. The shortest path between the edges is like below. This program will take the number of vertices, number of edges, and the edges with their costs.Input − Vertices: 3Edges: 5Edge with costs −1 2 82 1 121 3 223 1 62 3 4Output − The distance matrix of the graph.081210046140AlgorithmjohnsonAlgorithm(cost)Input − The cost matrix of given Graph.Output − Matrix to for shortest path between any vertex to any vertex.Begin    Create another matrix ‘A’ same as cost matrix, if there is no ... Read More

Here we will see how to create Random Linear Extension of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). The Linear extension is basically the topological sorting of DAG. Let us consider the graph is like below −The topological sorting for a directed acyclic graph is the linear ordering of vertices. For every edge u-v of a directed graph, the vertex u will come before vertex v in the ordering.As we know that the source vertex will come after the destination vertex, so we need to use a stack to store previous elements. After completing all nodes, we can simply display them from ... Read More

Calculating number of vowels in a stringVowels in English language are a, e, i, o and u. Make sure that, in any string these vowels can be both cases ( either small or capital). DebriefThe following example, using a user defined function called 'noOfVowels()', reads an input string and compares that string with another string which contains only vowels( 'aAeEiIoOuU'). It takes the help of indexOf() method to proceed the task. The indexOf() method displays index of a character whenever the character is common to both the strings, in unmatched case it displays '-1' as the output. Here it compares each and ... Read More

A Type casting in Java is used to convert objects or variables from one data type to another. When we are converting or assigning one data type to another, automatic conversion will take place (if the types are compatible and the conversion is safe). However, if there is a risk of data loss, the conversion must be done explicitly by the programmer. Let's understand the types of Java type casting and the difference between them in this article. Types of Type Casting in Java Java Type Casting is classified into two types, which are: ... Read More

In this article, we learn the best way to create getter and setter strategies in PHP. Getter and setter strategies are utilized when we need to restrict the direct access to the variables by end-users. Getters and setters are methods used to define or retrieve the values of variables, normally private ones.Just as the name suggests, a getter method is a technique that gets or recovers the value of an object. Also, a setter method is a technique that sets the value of an object.ExampleLet's understand the use of getter and setter methods through an example.Output:PHP Error Cannot access private ... Read More

To check if a variable is an array in Javascript is essential to handle data appropriately. We will discuss three different approaches to check if a variable is an array or not. We are having an array and a string, and our task is to check if a variable is an array in JavaScript. Approaches to Check if a Variable is an Array Here is a list of approaches to check if a variable is an array in JavaScript which we will be discussing in this article with stepwise explaination and complete example codes. Using ... Read More

Yes, constructors are allowed to throw an exception in Java.A Constructor is a special type of a method that is used to initialize the object and it is used to create an object of a class using the new keyword, where an object is also known as an Instance of a class. Each object of a class will have its own state (Instance variables) and access to methods of its class.Throw an Exception from a ConstructorA checked exception can be used to indicate a legitimate problem when trying to create an instance, while an unchecked exception typically indicates a bug either in the ... Read More