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Programming Articles
Page 2246 of 2547
How to subset a data.table object using a range of values in R?
To subset a data.table object using a range of values, we can use single square brackets and choose the range using %between%. For example, if we have a data.table object DT that contains a column x and the values in x ranges from 1 to 10 then we can subset DT for values between 3 to 8 by using the command DT[DT$x %between% c(3,8)].Example1Loading data.table package and creating a data.table object −library(data.table) x1
Read MoreHow to create empty bar plot in base R?
To create a bar plot in base R, we can use the function barplot and pass the vector or column of the data frame for which we want to create the bar plot but the bars created by using barplot by default has grey color. Therefore, if we want to create an empty bar plot then setting the color of bars to NA will make the plot an empty bar plot.Example1x
Read MoreHow to create a histogram without bins in base R?
We can set type argument to s in plot function to create a histogram without bins but first we need to create the histogram and store it in an object. For example, if we have a vector say x then the histogram of x can be stored in an object called p then we can use the command plot(c(p$counts,0),type="s") to create the histogram without bins as shown in the below example.Example> x p plot(c(p$counts,0),type="s")Output
Read MoreHow to create bar plot in base R with different limits for Y-axis?
To create a bar plot in base R with different limits for Y-axis, we can use ylim argument but generally that behaves badly, such as extending the bars below X-axis. Therefore, we need to fix those things. Check out the below example to understand how it can be done.Example> x barplot(x)OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600))OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600),xpd=FALSE)OutputExample> box(bty="l") Output
Read MoreHow to extract the row for groupwise maximum in another column of an R data.table object?
To extract the row for groupwise maximum in another column of an R data.table object, can make use of which.max function by defining the grouping column. It means that if we have a categorical/grouping column and a numerical column then we groupwise maximum will be the maximum for each grouping level in the numerical column and we can extract the row based on these two columns. Check out the examples to understand how it works.Example1Loading data.table package and creating a data.table object −> library(data.table) > x1 x2 x3 DT1 DT1Output x1 x2 x31: B 3 2 2: C 6 0 ...
Read MoreHow to display raise to the power on X-axis in base R plot?
To display anything different than the vector or column names on the axes, we need to use xlab for X-axis and ylab for Y-axis. Therefore, if we want to display raise to the power on X-axis then xlab argument will be along with the plot function. For example, if we have a vector called x and we want to create a point chart for x -square with X-axis showing x^2 then it can be done as plot(x^2,xlab="x^2").Example> x y plot(x,y)OutputExample> plot(x/1000,y,xlab="x/10^3")Output
Read MoreHow to remove rows in a data.table object with NA's in R?
If a row contains missing values then their sum will not finite, therefore, we can use is.finite function with the data.table object to remove the rows with NA’s. For example, if we have a data.table object called DT that contains some rows with NA’s then the removal of those rows can be done by using DT[is.finite(rowSums(DT))].Example1Loading data.table package and creating a data.table object −> library(data.table) > x1 x2 DT1 DT1Output x1 x2 1: 1 2 2: NA 4 3: 1 2 4: NA 5 5: 1 6 6: 1 8 7: NA 3 8: 1 ...
Read MoreHow to create a histogram with dots instead of bars in base R?
To create a histogram with dots instead of bars, we can use the plot function in base R. The x values will be based on the sorting of the vector values and the y values will be based on the sequence of the table for the vector values. Therefore, we would be needing sorting and table with sequence. Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example1> x1 plot(sort(x1),sequence(table(x1)))OutputExample2> x2 plot(sort(x2),sequence(table(x2)))Output
Read MoreHow to highlight a bar in base R histogram?
To highlight a bar in base R histogram, we need to understand the X-axis values and pass the col argument inside hist function appropriately. We just need to put a separate value for the bar that we want to highlight and set the colouring of the rest of the bars to 0 (that is default in base R). Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example1> x hist(x,col = c(rep(0,5),4,rep(0,5)))OutputExample2> y hist(y,col = c(rep(0,3),4,rep(0,9)))Output
Read MoreHow to display upper and lower quartiles through different line in a boxplot in R?
To display the upper and lower quartiles through different line in base R boxplot, we can use abline function but we need to find the quartiles inside abline using quantile for the respective quartiles. The lines created by using abline and quantiles and the boxplot function may not coincide because of the differences in calculation. The calculation method for boxplot is explained below −The two ‘hinges’ are versions of the first and third quartile. The hinges equal the quartiles for odd n (where n x boxplot(x)OutputExample> abline(h=quantile(x,c(0.25,0.75)),col="blue")Output
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