Programming Articles

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How to randomly sample rows from an R data frame using sample_n?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 584 Views

To randomly sample rows from an R data frame using sample_n, we can directly pass the sample size inside sample_n function of dplyr package. For example, if we have data frame called df then to create a random sample of 5 rows in df can be done by using the command −df%>%sample_n(5)Example1Consider the below data frame −x1

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Deletion in a Binary Tree in C++ Program

Hafeezul Kareem
Hafeezul Kareem
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 6K+ Views

In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to delete a node in a binary tree.The nodes in a binary tree don't follow any order like binary search trees. So, how to arrange the nodes after deleting a node in a binary tree?Well, we will replace the deepest node of the tree with the deleting node. And then we will delete the deepest node from the node.Let's see the steps to solve the problem.Initialize the tree with binary node struct.Write a function (preorder, in order, and postorder) to print the nodes of the tree.Write a function to delete the ...

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Deletions of "01" or "10" in binary string to make it free from "01" or "10" in C++ Program

Hafeezul Kareem
Hafeezul Kareem
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 313 Views

In this tutorial, we are going to write a program that finds the total number of pairs (01 or 10) to free the binary string from the pairs (01 and 10). Let's see an example.Input − 101010001Output − 4In the above example, we have to delete a total of 4 pairs to free the binary string from the pairs (01 and 10).The resultant string after deleting all the pairs is 0.We have to delete all the 01 and 10 pairs from the binary string. So, the total number of pairs to be deleted is the minimum of count(1) and count(0).Let's ...

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How to check for palindrome in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 4K+ Views

A palindrome is a word or any value that is being read in the same way from right to left as in left to right. For example, 12321, 514212415, ABCDEDCBA, etc. To check palindrome in R, we can create a function using stri_reverse function of stringi package as shown in the below examples.Example1library(stringi) palindrome

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How to return the same index for consecutively duplicated values in an R vector?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 194 Views

It is obvious that duplicate values in an R vector do not have same indexes but we might want to create the same index for consecutively duplicated values, this will help to recognize the groups of duplicated values. For this purpose, we can use cumsum function along with diff function as shown in the below examples.Example1x1

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How to find unique matrices in a list in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 292 Views

A list can contain many types of elements such as vectors, matrices, data frames etc. If we have matrices in a list then to find unique matrices in that list, we can simply use unique function. For example, if we have a list called LIST that contains matrices having some duplicate matrices then unique matrices can be extracted by using unique(LIST).Example1list(M1=matrix(1:25, ncol=5), M2=matrix(1:25, ncol=5), M3=matrix(1:25, ncol=5), M4=matrix(rpois(25, 5), ncol=5)) List1Output$M1 [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [, 4] [, 5] [1, ] 1 6 11 16 21 [2, ] 2 7 12 17 22 [3, ] 3 8 13 18 ...

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Depth of an N-Ary tree in C++ Program

Hafeezul Kareem
Hafeezul Kareem
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 1K+ Views

In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to find the depth of the n-ary tree.An n-ary tree is a tree in which each node of the tree has no more than n child nodes.We have to find the depth of the n-ary tree. We will be using the vector to store the children of each node in the tree.Let's see the steps to solve the problem.Initialize the tree with dummy data.Write a recursive function to find the depth of the n-ary tree.Initialize a variable to store the max depth of the tree.Iterate over the children of each node.The ...

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How to find mean and standard deviation from frequency table in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 5K+ Views

To find the mean and standard deviation from frequency table, we would need to apply the formula for mean and standard deviation for frequency data. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column x for units and frequency for counts then the mean and standard deviation can be calculated as −Mean = sum(df$x*df$frequency)/sum(df$frequency) SD = sqrt(sum((df$x−Mean)**2*df$frequency)/(sum(df$frequency)−1)) respectively.Example1x

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How to export data frame in R to excel?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 756 Views

To export data frame in R to excel can be done with the help of write.xlsx function of xlsx package. We would need to pass the data frame name, the file name and the sheet name in which we want to save the data frame. For example, if we have a data frame called df with file name Excel_df and on sheet1 then the data frame will be saved by using the below command −write.xlsx(df, file="Excel_df.xlsx", sheetName = "Sheet1")Consider the below data frame −Examplex

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Deserium Number with examples in C++ Program

Hafeezul Kareem
Hafeezul Kareem
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 216 Views

In this tutorial, we are going to learn about the deserium numbers with examples.The number whose sum of pow(digit, digitsCount) is equal to the given number is called Deserium number.Let's see the steps to find whether the given number is deserium number or not.Initialize the number.Find the digits count of the number.Initialize a variable to store the sum.Iterate until the number is less than 0.Get the last digit by diving the number with 10.Add the pow(digit, digitsCount) to the sum.If the sum is equal to the number, then it is deserium number else it is not.ExampleLet's see the code.#include ...

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