Programming Articles - Page 1105 of 3366

A function is a self-contained block that carries out a specific well-defined task.Types of functionsFunctions are broadly classified into two types which are as follows −Predefined functionsUser defined functionsCommunications among functionsFunctions communicate among themselves by using arguments and return value.Farm of ‘C’ function for return-datatype function name (argument list) is as follows −{    local variable declarations;    executable statements(s);    return (expression); }For Example, void mul (int x, int y).{    int p;    p=x*y;    printf(“product = %d”, p); }Prototype functionsThese functions can be done in two ways as explained below −Create a copy of the function declaration ... Read More

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.ExampleConsider an example given below −Open a file in write mode.Enter statements in the file.The input file is as follows −Hi welcome to my world This is C programming tutorial From tutorials PointThe output is as follows −Number of characters = 72Total words = 13Total lines = 3ProgramFollowing is the C ... Read More

Here, we will print hollow rectangle star(*) pattern by using for loop in C programming language.Consider an example given below −InputEnter number of rows: 5OutputThe output is as follows −***** *    * *    * *    * *****AlgorithmAn algorithm is given below to explain how to print hollow rectangle star(*) pattern by using for loop.Step 1 − Input number of rows to print at runtime.Step 2 − Use outer for loop for rows from 1 to N.for(i=1; i

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.AlgorithmAn algorithm is given below to explain the C program to remove a line from the file.Step 1 − Read file path and line number to remove at runtime.Step 2 − Open file in read mode and store in source file.Step 3 − Create and open a temporary file in write ... Read More

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.ProgramFollowing is the C program to store even, odd and prime numbers into separate files − Live Demo#include #include /* Function declarations */ int even(const int num); int prime(const int num); int main(){    FILE * fptrinput,    * fptreven,    * fptrodd,    * fptrprime;    int num, success; ... Read More

The rename function changes a file or directory from oldname to newname. This operation is just like a move operation. Hence, we can also use this rename function to move a file.This function is present in stdio.h library header files.The syntax of rename function is as follows −int rename(const char * oldname, const char * newname);Function of rename()It accepts two parameters. One is oldname and another is newname.These two parameters are pointer to constant character, which define old and new name of file.If file renamed is successful, then it returns zero otherwise, it returns a non-zero integer.During the rename operation ... Read More

To combine two series into a DataFrame in Pandas, we can take two series and concatenate them using concat() method.StepsCreate series 1 with two elements, where index is ['a', 'b'] and name is Series 1.Print Series 1.Make Series 2 with two elements, where index is ['a', 'b'] and name is Series 2.Print Series 2.Concatenate Pandas objects along a particular axis with optional set logic along the other axes.Print the resultant DataFrame.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd s1 = pd.Series([4, 16], index=['a', 'b'], name='Series 1') print "Input series 1 is: ", s1 s2 = pd.Series([3, 9], index=['a', 'b'], name='Series 2') print "Input series 2 is: ... Read More

To sort multiple columns of a Pandas DataFrame, we can use the sort_values() method.StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print the input DataFrame, df.Initialize a variable col to sort the column.Print the sorted DataFrame.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(    {       "x": [5, 2, 7, 0],       "y": [4, 7, 5, 1],       "z": [9, 3, 5, 1]    } ) print "Input DataFrame is:", df col = ["x", "y"] df = df.sort_values(col, ascending=[False, True]) print "After sorting column ", col, "DataFrame is:", dfOutputInput DataFrame is:    x  y  z 0  5  4  9 1  2  7  3 2  7  5  5 3  0  1  1 After sorting column ['x', 'y'] DataFrame is:    x  y  z 2  7  5  5 0  5  4  9 1  2  7  3 3  0  1  1

To sort a column in a Pandas DataFrame, we can use the sort_values() method.StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print input DataFrame, df.Initialize a variable col to sort the column.Print the sorted DataFrame.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(    {      "x": [5, 2, 7, 0],      "y": [4, 10, 5, 1],     `"z": [9, 3, 5, 1]   } ) print "Input DataFrame is:", df col = "x" df = df[col].sort_values(ascending=False) print "After sorting column ", col, "DataFrame is:", dfOutputInput DataFrame is:    x  y  z 0  5  4  9 1  2 10  3 2  7  5  5 3  0  1  1 After sorting column x DataFrame is: 2  7 0  5 1  2 3  0 Name: x, dtype: int64

We can use apply() function on a column of a DataFrame with lambda expression.StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print input DataFrame, df.Override column x with lambda x: x*2 expression using apply() method.Print the modified DataFrame.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(    {       "x": [5, 2, 1, 5],       "y": [4, 10, 5, 10],       "z": [1, 1, 5, 1]    } ) print "Input DataFrame is:", df df['x'] = df['x'].apply(lambda x: x * 2) print "After applying multiplication of 2 DataFrame is:", dfOutputInput DataFrame is:    x  y  z 0  5  4  1 1  2 10  1 2  1  5  5 3  5 10  1 After applying multiplication of 2 DataFrame is:     x  y   z 0  10  4   1 1   4 10   1 2   2  5   5 3  10 10   1