Found 575 Articles for Physics

Introduction Dimension of area place an important role in the measurement process. Measurement is the most valuable part of science. Also, it is most important for living too. Measurement plays a crucial role in our lives. It is the foundation for all technological development. The accuracy of measurement is more important in science. Metrology is the comparison of any physical quantity with its standard quantity. The measurement method is essentially to measure a quantity, it is always compared to a standard quantity. A unit is defined as a physical quantity having a definite numerical value accepted by a rule or ... Read More

Introduction Diffusion rate shows how fast the process of diffusion take place. The net migration of particles from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration is referred to as diffusion, which is a physical phenomenon. Diffusing substances might be solids, liquids, or gases. Similar to this, any of the three physical states could potentially be present in the medium where diffusion takes place. The airborne movement of ammonia gas serves as an illustration of this. Similar to how nitrogen gas would swiftly diffuse into the atmosphere if a liquid nitrogen canister had a small leak. ... Read More

Introduction Diffusion and concentration process are fascinating phenomenon in the science field. It is a visible process in the physical world. The study of diffusion processes started in the 19th century. The spreading of the fragrance of flowers is the best-known example of this process. This process involves the random movement of substances such as atoms, ions, molecules, etc. from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration. It always requires a concentration gradient that is a difference in concentration. The number of particles present in the total volume or a given volume is the concentration. For a ... Read More

Introduction Diffraction of X-rays by crystal is explained by Bragg’s law. This tutorial unwraps the unique diffraction observation in crystal lattice materials when X-rays pass through them. Diffraction is a universal principle when any wave passes from one medium to another. But X-ray diffraction (known short as XRD) has unique strength and is used in many applications. The underlying principle in this phenomenon is Bragg’s law which is addressed extensively in this tutorial. What Is Bragg’s Law? When X-rays are allowed to pass through a crystal lattice, the rays are scattered due to refraction. The Bragg’s law states that ... Read More

Introduction Diffraction of light waves is an important concept of wave optics. The phenomena of light, reflection and refraction can be explained only on the basis of wave optics. The direction in which the light propagates in the form of a wave is indicated by the light screen itself. When a stone is dropped on a motionless surface of the water, ripples spread around the area where the stone falls. This event is a perfect example of a wave spreading. As the ripple passes a particular point, the water molecules or particles at that point move up and down ... Read More

Introduction Measuring diameter of a small spherical body using vernier calliper has many practical applications in our daily life. Measurements are fundamental to all scientific sections. It also plays a crucial role in our daily life. Seeing your height, buying milk for your house. Actions like timing your friend in a race require measurements. Measurement answers questions, like how long, how heavy, and how fast. Measurement is the act of comparing an attribute or phenomenon of one object to the attribute or phenomenon of another object and assigning a numerical value to that object or phenomenon. Measurement is ... Read More

Introduction Measuring volume of irregular lamina using screw gauge has many practical applications in our daily life. we observe many objects that are irregular in shape with different thicknesses. Measuring thickness, area, and volume parameters for regular smooth objects will be easy. But for irregular objects, these parameters need an instrument and carefully acquiring the values. Here, an irregular lamina object’s volume is measured by knowing the parameters area, and thickness of the lamina object. What is Screw Gauge? To measure the small values of physical parameters of irregularly shaped objects, we need an accurate instrument. “Screw Gauge” ... Read More

Introduction LCR Series Circuit has many applications. In electronics, components can be divided into two main classifications namely active and passive components. Resistors, capacitors, and inductors are some of the passive components. The combination of these components gives RC, RL, LR, LC, and LCR circuits. An RC circuit comprises a resistor and a capacitor. An RL circuit includes a resistor and an inductor. In an LR circuit, an inductor and resistor are connected together. Also, an LC circuit, an inductor, and a capacitor are joints. LCR is the abbreviation for L- inductance, C-capacitance, and R- resistance. An LCR circuit comprises ... Read More

Introduction Gross error, systematic error and random error are different types of errors. The error may be defined as the difference between the true value and the measured value. The actual value is the average value of multiple times the measured value. The measurement taken by the observer as accurately as possible is called a measured value. The quantities which we generally measure may be mass, length, time, volume, temperature, current, degree, etc. in all these cases observation finally reduces to the reading of a scale or noting the coincidence between two marks. As the personal judgment of the observer ... Read More

Introduction Diffusion coefficient of Oxygen can be explained by Fick’s laws. Fick’s laws of diffusion describe or explain diffusion, and it was derived in the year 1855 by scientist Adolf Fick. This law can be used to solve for the diffusion coefficient, denoted by “D”. Fick’s first law can be used to obtain or derive Fick's second law, which in turn is identical to the diffusion equation. There are two major laws of Fick, and they are - Fick’s first law, which relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from ... Read More