The __DIR__ can be used to obtain the current code working directory. It has been introduced in PHP beginning from version 5.3. It is similar to using dirname(__FILE__). Usually, it is used to include other files that is present in an included file.Consider the following directory structure −A directory called "master", that has two files named 'worker_1', and 'worker_2'. The master directory itself is a subfolder of the main project directory.The project directory also contains an index.php file.Consider having two files in a directory called inc, which is a subfolder of our project's directory, where the index.php file lies −project_directory ... Read More

The mutator methods can be used to chain methods, wherein these methods return the original objects, and other methods can be called on these objects that are returned by the mutator functions.ExampleBelow is a simple example demonstrating the same − Live Demo

The addcslashes function can be used. Below is the syntax of the function −string addcslashes ( string $str, string $charlist )This function returns a string with backslashes that appear before the characters. Below is a demonstration of the function.Example Live DemoOutputThis will produce the following output −\s\a\m\p\l\e\[ \]

The reason behind in_array returning True could be the string-to-number conversion. When a string is passed to the function, it returns 0, which is the value that needs to be searched for.PHP uses loose juggling, i.e. using == instead of === when elements are compared. Hence, their values are compared and not the types.Another reason is type juggling, which means a variable type is dealt with in the context of the code.For example- when a float value is assigned to a variable, it becomes a floating-point value. It behaves in a way when a string is casted to an integerTo ... Read More

The code inside the 'Model' and the 'Controller' needs to be changed to include code that is shown below −Inside the 'Controller'$header = $this->model_name->call_head(); foreach($header as $item) {    $name = $item['name'];    $array['name'] = $name;    $array['data'] = $item['data'];    $child_val = $this->model_name->call_child($name);    foreach($child_val as $value) {       $array['child'] = array(          'child_name' => $value['child_name'],          'child_data' => $value['child_data']       );    } }Inside the 'model'public function call_head() {    $query = "CALL PROCEDURE_HEAD()";    $result = $this->db->query($query)->result_array();    $query->next_result();    $query->free_result();    return $result; } public function ... Read More

The json_decode function can be used as shown below −json_decode($json_string_that_needs_to_be_converted, true);The below lines of code can be used to convert JSONL to array format −$json_string = '["m@gmail.com", "p@gmail.com", "q@gmail.com"]'; $array_of_data=json_decode($json_string);An alternate is to use the below code, wherein the way json_string has been defined changes −Example$json_string = "[\"m@gmail.com\", \"p@gmail.com\", \"q@gmail.com\"]"; $array_of_data=json_decode($json_string);OutputThis will produce the following output −Array("m@gmail.com", "p@gmail.com", "q@gmail.com")Read More

The below code can be used to convert hex value into HSL value −function hex_To_Hsl($hex) {    $hex_val = array($hex_val[0].$hex_val[1], $hex_val[2].$hex_val[3], $hex_val[4].$hex_val[5]);    $rgb_val = array_map(function($part) {       return hexdec($part) / 255;    }, $hex_val);    $max_val = max($rgb_val);    $min_val = min($rgb_val);    $l = ($max_val + $min_val) / 2;    if ($max_val == $min_val) {       $h = $s = 0;    } else {       $diff = $max_val - $min_val;       $s = $l > 0.5 ? $diff / (2 - $max_val - $min_val) : $diff / ($max_val + ... Read More

A quick way of doing this has been shown below −if (array_flip($set)[$value] !== null) {    echo "something"; //take some action }To customize the number of keys, the function can be customized in the below manner −function array_keys_exists(array $keys, array $arr) {    return !array_diff_key(array_flip($keys), $arr); }

Data can be sent through JSON or via normal POST. Following is an example showing data sent through JSON −var value_1 = 1; var value_2 = 2; var value_3 = 3; $.ajax({    type: "POST",    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",    url: "your_url_goes_here",    data: { data_1: value_1, data_2: value_2, data_3: value_3 },    success: function (result) {       // perform operations here    } });With normal post, the below code can be used −$.ajax({    type: "POST",    url: $('form').attr("action"),    data: $('#form0').serialize(),    success: function (result) {       // perform operations here    } });An ... Read More

String has a time zone, and there is usually no need to set a default time zone. But when it needs to be printed, the default time zone can be set explicitly. Below is the code to do the same −Default timezoneExample Live Demoecho date_default_timezone_get();OutputThis will produce the following output −UTCWhen timezone is specifiedExample Live Demoecho date("Y-m-d H:i:s",strtotime("1/1/2020 00:00:00 America/Los_Angeles"));OutputThis will produce the following output −2020-01-01 08:00:00 Another way of specifying timezoneExample Live Demoecho date("Y-m-d H:i:s",strtotime("1/1/2020 00:00:00"));OutputThis will produce the following output −2020-01-01 00:00:00