Fiber optics is one of the technologies used to transmit data through thin glass or plastic fibers. It is mostly used in communication channels like telephone, televisions, and the Internet. Core and cladding are two parts of fiber optic cable. The cladding reflects the light to the core, thus preventing the loss of signal. Fiber optics are mostly used in medical and industry services. In the medical field, it is used for endoscopies, to view and treat internal organs. In industries, it is used in controlling temperature, pressure, and vibrations. Fiber Optics and its Types Definition Fiber optics is defined ... Read More

IntroductionBiconvex lens we see in a magnifying glass. You must have used a magnifying glass to read text that was too small. A magnifying glass is also the icon that is used in mobiles and apps when the “search” function is involved. Further, if people in your family wear glasses, you must have noticed that everyone wears a different type. For some people, the glasses are thin while for others, they are much thicker. Another interesting thing you must have noticed is that near-vision glasses show things bigger than they are, while far-vision glasses do the opposite. ... Read More

Introduction Optical instruments are devices that are used for the enhancement of the images of the object. Anything as simple as a magnifying glass fitted with a convex lens is also an optical instrument. These days we have even complex combinations of lenses that use a very basic phenomenon of optics but have beautiful applications. Through this article, we shall learn about its significance, types, and how they are used in various areas of research as well as in day-to-day lives. What are Optical Instruments? Optical instruments, or can be called just ‘optic’ in short form, are the devices ... Read More

Introduction With help of our Eyes, we can see the beautiful world around us. This happens due to the light rays. The light rays fall on any object and get reflected by it. These reflected rays fall on our eyes. The eyes have many parts like cornea, aqueous humor, and crystalline lens. The light from here in the form of electric signals moves towards the brain through the optical nerve. But there are certain objects which we can’t see clearly with our naked eyes. We find it difficult to see distant planets and stars clearly with our eyes. Also, small ... Read More

Introduction The distance between an object and the mirror is subject to measure by applying different theories of mirrors and lenses. The law of reflection is one of the essential rules to measure the focal length. In this situation, where the image is formed by the consistency of a surface’s reflection due to the inside curved of a spherical mirror, it will follow the law of reflection of light. In this tutorial, information regarding concave mirrors and the convex lens are subject to discussion. Information about Concave Mirror A reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is curved from the inside ... Read More

Introduction Too small objects that are even hard to see with naked eyes, to see them microscope is needed and it is used for that purpose. It is a very important part of science, called Microscopy. It defines a study or investigation of small objects or structures that is through a microscope. There are different types of microscopes, however, the main two types are simple microscopes and compound microscopes. One is for simple uses and the other one is used for professional purposes only, respectively. What is a Simple Microscope? Figure 1: Visual representation of how a simple ... Read More

Introduction The lens maker’s formula is utilized by the lens manufacturers and is used to make lenses of a certain extent of power from a glass of distinct refractive index. It helps the lens makers to derive the necessary data about the curvature that is required to manufacture a lens of a particular focal length in association with the material of a certain refractive index. This formula uses multiple sign conventions which are crucial to set up various geometric relations. This formula is used in the cases of concave and convex lenses alike. What is the Lens maker’s Formula? ... Read More

In physics, total internal reflection is regarded as a complete reflection, associated with a ray. A particular medium such as glass or water is required for the reflection of a ray. The ray reflects from a surrounding surface to the medium. In case of greater value of the angle of incidence, a certain limiting angle is found to have formed. This limiting angle is known as the critical angle. The sparkling diamonds and mirage are real-life examples of total internal reflection. What is total internal reflection? Total internal reflection takes place at a time when a ray travels ... Read More

Toric lens comes with different focal lengths and optical power in 2 orientations that are perpendicular to each other. One surface of the lens has a shape like a cap from the torus, and the other one has a spherical shape. This toric lens behaves just like the combination of cylindrical and spherical lenses. The lenses that are made of RGP are more delicate than other lenses. The toric lenses that have markings of the six o’clock position are with asymmetrical dynamic stabilization and are vital for thinner and larger peripheral zone to be oriented for optimal interaction of lids. ... Read More

Introduction In the laboratory, several scientific instruments are required to process the experiments. Among such scientific devices, the Simple microscope has been considered one of such instruments that are generally used in order to identify or see small objects that usually occur to be unseen by a naked eye. Based on this concept, the current tutorial will define a Simple microscope along with explain several parts of it as well. Simple microscope: Definition Figure 1: Simple microscope A Simple microscope has been considered the first microscope that is constructed in the 17th century by Antony van Leeuwenhoek. ... Read More