Found 20 Articles for Named Reactions

Introduction Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis is the process of formation of primary amine only. It is a three-step process in which phthalimide reacts with a base and alkyl halide to form primary amine and salt of sodium or potassium phthalimide. German scientist Siegmund Gabriel synthesised it. In this process, we can make only primary amines not aryl amines as the aryl halides do not process nucleophilic substitution reactions. We can use any base potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in this reaction. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis What is Gabriel Phthalimide? The Gabriel Synthesis is a valuable preparation of primary amines. In this ... Read More

Introduction Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist, published in 1913 that simple ketones, as well as aldehydes, interacted using amalgamated zinc in the existence of 40 percent aqueous HCl and a hydrophobic solvent including toluene can generate the respective alkanes after many hours of transit. Until then, the Clemmensen reduction is often used to refer to the process of reducing carbonyl groups to such equivalent methylene groups. This is a method for deoxygenating aldehydes and ketones to yield the equivalent hydrocarbon. The substrate would have to be acid resistant. The Clemmensen Reduction connects the Wolff-Kishner Reduction, which would be ... Read More

Introduction Hunsdiecker Reaction is an organic named reaction proposed by the scientist Alexander Borodin in the year 1861. It is named Borodin reaction, Hunsdiecker degradation, and Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction because of his contribution. Alexander Borodin synthesized methyl bromide by the reaction of silver acetate. But this is further demonstrated by Cläre Hunsdiecker and her husband Heinz Hunsdiecker for developing a new general method for the preparation of alkyl halides. And named Hunsdiecker reaction because of their contribution. There are many reviews and publications of this reaction as it involves the production of alkyl halides. The reaction includes the halogenation ... Read More

Introduction August Wilhelm von Hoffmann discovered the Hoffmann bromamide reaction mechanism. It is also known as Hoffmann bromamide degradation or Rearrangement as the amine formed is one carbon less than the reagent used in the reaction. This reaction is used to form the primary amine and aromatic amines from amide. The reaction is performed in presence of bromine and strong base sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This reaction gives the highest yield of the amine and aromatic amines but to get the best yield of an aliphatic amine, the amide should be of less than eight carbon atoms. The product ... Read More

Introduction Friedel-Crafts reaction is where an alkyl or acyl group swaps out the hydrogen atom of an aromatic molecule to create a hydrocarbon or ketone. An acid catalyst, including $$\mathrm{AlCl_3, BF_3, ZnCl_2, or\: FCl_3, is}$$ present when the aromatic molecule is alkylated or acylated. An alkyl or acyl cation, the attacking particle, is produced by the catalyst. J. Crafts and C. Friedel invented this reaction in 1877–1878 and used it to link substituents to aromatic rings. It should be noted that the hydrogen atom that was initially linked to the aromatic ring is exchanged with an electrophile during ... Read More

Introduction Claisen rearrangement denotes the essential chemical reaction which is organic by nature. One of the most important roles of this reaction includes the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. This reaction derived its name from its discovery by Rainer Ludwig Claisen, a German chemist, in 1912. This particular reaction belongs to the sigmatropic rearrangement. Here the mechanism of the reaction is being concerted. There is an interesting fact in this reaction. This particular reaction is the first recorded instance of a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction. What is Claisen Rearrangement? It describes one of the essential reactions in the field of organic chemistry". ... Read More

Introduction Claisen condensation mechanism was named after Rainer Ludwig Claisen, the German chemist after its discovery. This reaction is started with discharge of alpha proton, and happens by the action of the strong base and finally results in the formation of an enolate ion. This particular action needs a minimum of one reagent and it should possess an alpha proton $\mathrm{(\alpha\:-\:H)}$ with it. It generally forms the anion upon deprotonation. What is Claisen Condensation? This is one of the essential reactions in the fields of chemistry in which the special carbon- carbon bond formation is done in the presence of ... Read More

Introduction Oxidation reaction states a chemical reaction, which proceeds when substances tend to come in close proximity with the element of oxygen. However, the reaction also takes place when there lays oxidising agents other than oxygen. The result of the oxidation is the synthesis of variable organic compound. More this reaction results in the creation of varied new functional groups as well as tends to modify the structure that is pre-existing. What is Swern Oxidation? Swern Oxidation refers to a crucial oxidation process that tends to avoid the usage of varied metals such as, chromium. The reaction takes place on ... Read More

Introduction Swarts reaction is commonly applied for making alkyl fluorides from the base of alkyl chlorides. The reaction process of Swarts reaction mainly involves providing external temperature to heat the alkyl chlorides in the existence of fluorides that comprise some heavy metals. Examples of this method are $\mathrm{AgF\:, \:HgF_{2}}$ as well as $\mathrm{CoF_{2}}$ and in this reaction, acetone is commonly applied like a solvent for improving the rate of reaction. What is Swarts regents? Swarts regents with the chemical formula $\mathrm{SbF_{3}}$ is the most used reagent in this reaction and it is mainly applied in this reaction as an agent ... Read More

Introduction Suzuki coupling reaction is named after an eminent chemist Akira Suzuki and it is known as the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. This reaction shows the coupling with a halide that is over ling of the specimen of an organoboron palladium catalyst. The formation of the strong bond between two carbons is the basic formation of the reaction. What is the Suzuki coupling reaction? Suzuki coupling reaction is one of the most important reactions that is mainly formed by a single chemical bond of carbon-carbon with the help of coupling a species of organoboron along with the aryl halide in the existence ... Read More