There are differences between Selenium and Cucumber are listed below −Sr. No.SeleniumCucumber1It is a test automation framework.It is not a test automation framework.2Primarily used for automation testing of front end applications.Primarily used as a tool for behavior driven development.3Can be written in any programming language like Java, Python, Ruby, C#, and so on.Can be written in Gherkin language.4Developed in Java.Developed in Ruby.5Can only be used by users having technical knowledge.Can be used by users without any technical knowledge.6Less readable compared to Cucumber.Easily readable.7Installation is lengthy and complex compared to Cucumber.Installation is easy.8Conditional statements can be incorporated.Conditional statements cannot be incorporated.9Syntax ... Read More

We can do single data parametrization without using Examples in Cucumber by passing the value directly in the feature file.ExampleFeature file.Feature: Tutorialpoint Job page Scenario: Tutorialpoint job page look and fee Given Launch site https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm Then Verify the tabs on the pageURL is directly passed in the Given statement in the feature file.The step definition file should have the mapping of the Given statement.Example@Given (“^Launch site \"([^\"]*)\"$”) public void launchJobsite(String url){    System.out.println("url is : " + url); } @Then (“^Verify the tabs on the page"$”) public void tabverification(){    System.out.println("Tabs verified successfully); }@Given (“^Launch site \"([^\"]*)\"$”) passes the UR ... Read More

The glue is a part of Cucumber options that describes the location and path of the step definition file.ExampleTest Runner file.import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber; import cucumber.api.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests; @CucumberOptions(    features = "src/test/java/features",    glue="stepDefinations" ) public class TestRunner extends AbstractTestNGCucumberTests { }

We can use regular expressions in Cucumber for selecting a collection of similar statements in the feature file.Examplefeature fileFeature: Exam Syllabus Scenario Outline: Summer and Winter Exam Schedule Given Exam time table in summer season Given Mathematics and Physics Syllabus Given Exam time table in winter seasonThe step Definition file has @Given("^Exam time table in ([^\"]*) season$") which maps two Given statements in a Feature file with the help of regular expression.Example@Given ("^Exam time table in ([^\"]*) season$") public void timeTable(String season){    if (season.equals("winter")){       System.out.println("The winter syllabus");    }else{       System.out.println("The summer syllabus");   ... Read More

We can run precondition and postcondition test methods with the help of @Before and @After hooks in Cucumber.ExampleFeature file.Feature: Transaction Table Scenario: Verify the monthly transactions Given User is on the Payment PageStep Definition has methods with hooks @Before and @After. The test method with hook @Before will be executed as a precondition then the test method (naviagteToPayment() method) will run and finally the test method with hook @After which is the postcondition will execute.Example@Before public void method1(){    System.out.println("The precondition executed successfully"); } @After public void method2(){    System.out.println("The postcondition executed successfully "); } @Given ("^User is on payment ... Read More

We can include and exclude test methods from a set of test cases in Cucumber by tagging scenarios in the feature file.ExampleFeature file.@Tutorialspoint Testing Feature: Login Feature Testing @Smoke Scenario: Home Page Testing Given User is in home page @CodingModule Scenario: Coding Module Testing Given User is in Coding Module PageThe test runner file has tags Smoke to be excluded and CodingModule to be included in the execution.Exampleimport org.junit.runner.RunWith; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber; import cucumber.api.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests; @RunWith(Cucumber.class) @CucumberOptions(    features = “src/test/java/features”,    glue = “stepDefiniations”    tags = {“~@Smoke”, “@CodingModule”} )Read More

We can skip a particular test method from execution in Cucumber with the help of tagging of scenarios in the feature file.Examplefeature file.@Regression Feature: Invoice Testing @Smoke Scenario: Login Verification Given User is in Home Page @Payment Scenario: Payment Testing Given User is in Payment PageFeature file with scenarios having tags Smoke and Payment.Exampleimport org.junit.runner.RunWith; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber; import cucumber.api.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests; @RunWith(Cucumber.class) @CucumberOptions(    features = “src/test/java/features”,    glue = “stepDefiniations”    tags = { “~@Payment”} )To skip the scenarios with @Payment , ~ is placed before the @Payment tag in Test Runner file.Read More

We can set the order of execution for test methods in Cucumber with the help of order keyword. Test methods are assigned with order in the step definition file.The test method with lower order executes first followed by the methods with higher orders.ExampleStep definition file.@Before (order = 1) public void login(){    System.out.println("login is successful"); } @Before (order = 2) public void payment(){    System.out.println("payment is successful"); } @Given ("^Land in repayment page$") public void repay(){    System.out.println ("Actual Scenario of repayment"); }The test method with lower order (login() set to 1) will be executed first. Then payment () test ... Read More

We use the Scenario Outline keyword in the feature file in Cucumber. If a particular scenario needs to be executed with more than a set of data in multiple combinations, then we use the Scenario Outline.The multiple data sets are represented in form of a table separated by (||) symbol under Examples keyword. Each row represents a group of data.ExampleFeature file.Feature: Login Verification Feature Scenario Outline: Login Verification Given User lands on the home page When Page title is Tutorialspoint Then User keys in "" and "" Examples: | username | password | | Selenium | t123 ... Read More

The main file components in Cucumber are listed below −Feature file − This file has an extension of .feature. It comprises single or multiple test scenarios in plain text. All the scenarios are written with the keywords like Then, Given, When, And, But, Feature, Background and so on.ExampleFeature file.Feature: Login Test Scenario: Tutorialspoint login validation Given: Launch the “https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm”Step Definition File - This file has an extension of .java. It provides mapping of the test scenarios to the test script logic.ExampleStep Definition file based on the above feature file.@Given (“^Launch the \"([^\"]*)\"$”) public void launch_application(String url){    System.out.println("The url is ... Read More