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C++ Articles
Page 534 of 597
Print system time in C++ (3 different ways)
There are different ways by which system day, date and time can be printed in Human Readable Form.First wayUsing time() − It is used to find the current calendar time and have arithmetic data type that store timelocaltime() − It is used to fill the structure with date and timeasctime() − It converts Local time into Human Readable FormatDay Month Date hour:month:second YearExample#include #include // used to work with date and time using namespace std; int main() { time_t t; // t passed as argument in function time() struct tm * tt; // decalring variable for localtime() ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Queue using Linked List
A queue is an abstract data structure that contains a collection of elements. Queue implements the FIFO mechanism i.e the element that is inserted first is also deleted first. In other words, the least recently added element is removed first in a queue.A program that implements the queue using linked list is given as follows −Example#include using namespace std; struct node { int data; struct node *next; }; struct node* front = NULL; struct node* rear = NULL; struct node* temp; void Insert() { int val; coutdata = val; front = rear; ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Remove all Characters in a String Except Alphabets
A string is a one-dimensional character array that is terminated by a null character. It may contain characters, digits, special symbols etc.A program to remove all characters in a string except alphabets is given as follows.Example#include using namespace std; int main() { char str[100] = "String@123!!"; int i, j; cout
Read MoreHow do I print a double value with full precision using cout in C++?
The output stream cout allows using manipulators that you can use to set the precision directly on cout and use the fixed format specifier. To get the full precision of a double, you can use the limits library. For example,Example#include #include using namespace std; int main() { // Get numeric limits of double typedef std::numeric_limits< double > dbl; double PI = 3.14159265358979; cout.precision(dbl::max_digits10); cout
Read MoreDifference between private, public, and protected modifiers in C++
Data hiding is one of the important features of Object Oriented Programming which allows preventing the functions of a program to access directly the internal representation of a class type. The access restriction to the class members is specified by the labeled access modifiers − public, private, and protected sections within the class body.The default access for members and classes is private.Exampleclass Base { public: // public members go here protected: // protected members go here private: // private members go here };A public member is accessible from anywhere outside the class but within a program. ...
Read MoreWhat's the difference between "STL" and "C++ Standard Library"?
The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library. It provides four components called algorithms, containers, functions, and iterators. Note that the term "STL" or "Standard Template Library" does not show up anywhere in the ISO 14882 C++ standard. So referring to the C++ standard library as STL is wrong, ie, STL and C++ Standard Library are 2 different things with the former being the subset of the latter.The STL consists ofContainersThe STL contains sequence containers and associative containers. Containers are objects that store data. The ...
Read MoreWhat does the explicit keyword mean in C++?
The explicit keyword in C++ is used to mark constructors to not implicitly convert types. For example, if you have a class Foo −class Foo { public: Foo(int n); // allocates n bytes to the Foo object Foo(const char *p); // initialize object with char *p };Now if you tryFoo mystring = 'x';The char 'x' is implicitly converted to int and then will call the Foo(int) constructor. But this is not what was intended. So to prevent such conditions and make the code less error-prone, define the constructor as explicit −Example class Foo { public: ...
Read MoreRegular cast vs. static_cast vs. dynamic_cast in C++
static_cast − This is used for the normal/ordinary type conversion. This is also the cast responsible for implicit type coersion and can also be called explicitly. You should use it in cases like converting float to int, char to int, etc.dynamic_cast −This cast is used for handling polymorphism. You only need to use it when you're casting to a derived class. This is exclusively to be used in inheritence when you cast from base class to derived class.Regular Cast − This is the most powerful cast available in C++ as it combines const_cast, static_cast and reinterpret_cast. but it's also unsafe ...
Read MoreIs segmentation fault actual undefined behavior in C++?
Undefined behavior is a way to give freedom to implementors (e.g. of compilers or of OSes) and to computers to do whatever they "want", in other words, to not care about consequences.The cases in which segmentation fault occurs are transient in nature. They won't always result in a segmentation fault but can also run correctly(or at least appear to). For example, consider the following code fragment −#include int main() { int arr[2]; arr[0] = 0; arr[1] = 1; arr[2] = 2; // Undefined behaviour ...
Read MoreWhy aren't variable-length arrays part of the C++ standard?
Having to create a potential large array on the stack, which usually has only little space available, isn't good. If you know the size beforehand, you can use a static array. And if you don't know the size beforehand, you will write unsafe code. Variable-length arrays can not be included natively in C++ because they'll require huge changes in the type system.An alternative to Variable-length arrays in C++ is provided in the C++ STL, the vector. You can use it like −Example#include #include using namespace std; int main() { vector vec; vec.push_back(1); ...
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