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Computer Science Articles
Page 15 of 53
Difference between CRT and LCD
CRT and LCD are both display devices. CRT is an old technology whereas LCD is modern one. One major difference between CRT and LCD is in the technology used for image formation. The CRT display produces an image by using an electron beam, while LCD display produces an image on the screen using liquid crystal display. What is a CRT? CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. CRT displays produce an image on the screen by using a sharp beam of electrons that is highly focused to hit a phosphor screen present in front of the tube. The important components of ...
Read MoreIntroduction to Big O Notation in Data Structure
Introduction One of the most essential mathematical notations in computer science for determining an algorithm's effectiveness is the Big O notation. The length of time, memory, other resources, as well as a change in input size required to run an algorithm can all be used to evaluate how effective it is. Data structure's Big O Notation provides information about an algorithm's performance under various conditions. In other words, it provides the worst-case complexity or upper-bound runtime of an algorithm. Big O Notation in Data Structure A change in input size can affect how well an algorithm performs. Asymptotic notations, such ...
Read MoreWhat is Web 3.0 & how it is different from Web 1.0 & Web 2.0?
In today’s world, who does not use internet and one who uses internet must aware of www, a pragmatic interface that made life easy. In the late 1980s, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland, when he created the Web, first time (1989). Since that time, the web application has increasingly become an indispensable resource in the field of computer science, as it has started assisting people in their everyday lives in such areas as education, government services, trade and commerce, employment, health care, etc. What is WWW? It literally stands ...
Read MoreDesign a TM for an equal number of a's and b's must follow a
The Turing machine (TM) is more powerful than both finite automata (FA) and pushdown automata (PDA). They are as powerful as any computer we have ever built.Formal Definition of Turing MachineA Turing machine can be formally described as seven tuples(Q, X, Σ, δ, q0, B, F)Where, Q is a finite set of statesX is the tape alphabetΣ is the input alphabetδ is a transition function: 𝛿:QxX→QxXx{left shift, right shift}q0 is the initial stateB is the blank symbolF is the final state.A Turing Machine (TM) is a mathematical model which consists of an infinite length tape divided into cells on which ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer ArchitectureThe architecture defines those attributes of the system apparent to the programmer or those attributes that directly force the program’s logical execution. It manage with the functional behavior of the computer system view by the user.Computer Architecture manages with the system’s programming part, including the multiple bits can define the several data types, input-output methods, approaches for addressing memory, and the computer’s instruction set. The implementation of any program is influenced by these qualities of architecture. The change in a bit or size can lead to a different result for the programmer.Computer OrganizationComputer organization can study the basic computer ...
Read MoreWhat is Myrinet Clos Network?
Myrinet is a high-performance, packet-communication, and switching technology. It was produced by Myricom as a high-performance alternative to conventional Ethernet networks. Myrinet switches are multiple-port components that route a packet entering on an input channel of a port to the output channel of the port selected by the packet.Myrinet switches have 4, 8, 12, 16 ports. For an n-port switch, the ports are addressed 0, 1, 2... n - 1. For any switching permutation, there may be as many packets traversing a switch concurrently as the switch has ports. These switches are implemented using two types of VLSI chips such ...
Read MoreWhat is Ethernet?
Ethernet is a packet-switched LAN technology introduced by Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. Ethernet was designed to be a shared bus technology where multiple hosts are connected to a shared communication medium. All hosts connected to an Ethernet receive every transmission, making it possible to broadcast a packet to all hosts at the same time.Ethernet uses a distributed access control scheme called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD). Multiple machines can access an Ethernet at the same time. Each machine senses whether a carrier wave is present to determine whether the network is idle before it sends ...
Read MoreWhat are Clusters?
A cluster is a collection of stand-alone computers connected using some interconnection network. Each node in a cluster could be a workstation, personal computer, or even a multiprocessor system.A node is an autonomous computer that may be engaged in its private activities while at the same time cooperating with other units in the context of some computational task. Each node has its input/output systems and its operating system.When all nodes in a cluster have the same architecture and run the same operating system, the cluster is called homogeneous, otherwise, it is heterogeneous. The interconnection network could be a fast LAN ...
Read MoreWhat is the Client-Server Framework for Parallel Applications in Computer Architecture?
Parallel applications can be designed using the client/server model. A client may divide a big application into several smaller problems that can be processed by multiple servers simultaneously. All the servers compute the solution to their respective problems and send their results to the client.The client assembles the results from each server and outputs the final result to the user. The client acts as the master (supervisor) while the servers act as the slaves (workers) in the master-slave (supervisor-workers) model as shown in the figure. The steps are taken at the client and each server is summarized as follows.Client (Supervisor)Client ...
Read MoreWhat are the routing potential problems in Computer Architecture?
Several possible problems can result from the use of certain routing mechanisms in message-passing systems. These include deadlock, livelock, and starvation, which are as follows −Deadlock − When two messages each hold the resources required by the other to move, both messages will be blocked. This is called a deadlock. It is a phenomenon that occurs whenever there exists a cyclic dependency on resources. Management of resources in a network is the responsibility of the flow control mechanism used. Resources must be allocated in a manner that avoids deadlock.Livelock − Livelock describes a situation in which a message keeps going ...
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