Found 410 Articles for Chemistry

Introduction Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist, published in 1913 that simple ketones, as well as aldehydes, interacted using amalgamated zinc in the existence of 40 percent aqueous HCl and a hydrophobic solvent including toluene can generate the respective alkanes after many hours of transit. Until then, the Clemmensen reduction is often used to refer to the process of reducing carbonyl groups to such equivalent methylene groups. This is a method for deoxygenating aldehydes and ketones to yield the equivalent hydrocarbon. The substrate would have to be acid resistant. The Clemmensen Reduction connects the Wolff-Kishner Reduction, which would be ... Read More

Introduction The most common sort of solid material found in nature is crystalline solids. They are composed of atoms, ions, & molecules arranged in exact & repeating 3-D patterns, resulting in a crystal lattice that spans in all directions in a well microscopic structure. Unlike amorphous materials, crystalline solids have discrete melting temperatures. Network atomic, metallic, ionic, & molecular solids, as well as real solids, are all crystalline solids. Crystals have generally sharp, well-defined melting temperatures, owing to the uniformity of the crystalline lattice, which creates identical local conditions. As an outcome, the solid's intermolecular interactions are consistent, & each ... Read More

Introduction Chromatography is a laboratory technique, especially in the analytical field used to separate a mixture of components present in a chemical species. There are different types of chromatographic techniques For the separation of mixtures into their units in the laboratory, the chromatographic technique is used. So, the method which involves the separation of a specific mixture into its respective elements is given the name chromatography. It is done by using a mobile phase and stationary phase. The mobile phase carries away distinct components through the stationary phase present in a mixture because the effect of the solvent is different ... Read More

Introduction Calcium Nitrate is strongly soluble in water as well as a source of crystalline calcium & has lesser pH (acidic). Metallic nitrates are all inorganic salts of a certain metal as well as the nitrate anion. The nitrate is a polyatomic ion with a single nitrogen atom linked to three atoms of oxygen and a molecular mass of Ca(NO3 )2 is 164.088gm/mol. In general, nitrate compounds are water-soluble. They are oxidising agents as well. Nitrate compounds can be combustible when combined with hydrocarbons. What is Calcium Nitrate? Calcium nitrate is an inorganic substance that has the chemical formula Ca(NO3 ... Read More

Introduction Two hypochlorite anions are linked with 1 calcium cation calcium hypochlorite. Calcium is an ionic compound composed of a metal cation as well as a chlorine-derived anion. The no. of anions per cation in these compounds varies according to the valency of the metal cation. The compound is often available as a white powder, pellets, or flat plates, whereas sodium hypochlorite is typically accessible as a greenish-yellow, aqueous solution. Hypochlorite is commonly used in cleaning agents, bleaching, drinking water, as well as swimming pool disinfection. What is Calcium Hypochlorite? Ca(ClO)2 is the formula for this chemical compound. It is ... Read More

Introduction Calcium hydroxide is a white powder or crystalline and has a chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is also known by the name slaked lime, hydrated lime, builders’ lime, pickling lime, caustic lime, etc. The saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is known as milk of lime. It is used in sewage treatment, for balancing the pH level of soil, in food industries, juices, as a fungicide, paper production, medical treatment, etc. It is produced through hydrated calcium oxide and has many applications like disinfectant, pH modifier, additive in animal feeds, sugar industry, and water treatment. What is Calcium Hydroxide? Calcium ... Read More

Introduction Calcium chloride is an ionic molecule formed by the elements calcium & chlorine. It is deliquescent & very water-soluble. It is a solid salt that acts like an ionic halide at ambient temperature. It is used in a variety of applications, including brine for refrigeration facilities, ice & dust management on roadways, & cement. It may be made directly from limestone, but it is also manufactured in vast quantities as a residue of the Solvay process. It must be maintained in tightly airtight containers due to its hydrophilic character. What is CaCl2? CaCl2 is an ionic substance with the ... Read More

Introduction H and Br atoms combine to form the diatomic compound known as hydrobromic acid. Between the hydrogen and the bromine, there is a covalent link. It also goes by the name Hydrogen Bromide and has the molecular symbol HBr. Because of the high electronegativity of the Br atoms, the covalent connection between them can be rapidly ionized, making it an extremely strong acid. It is more potent than hydrochloric acid. Hydrobromic acid's molecular formula is HBr One molecule of H and one molecule of bromine gas are combined to create one molecule of hydrobromic acid. $$\mathrm{H_2+Br_2 ... Read More

Introduction Hydrazine (N2 H4) is a potent reducing agent & one of a class of chemicals known as hydronitrogens. It's utilized to create pesticides, as a basis for blowing agents that produce holes in foam rubber, & as corrosion protection in boilers. Hydrazine is a colourless fluid with a strong ammonia odour. In 1887, hydrazine was extracted from organic molecules for the first time. The Raschig technique, which includes oxidizing NH3 with sodium hypochlorite in the vicinity of glue or gelatin, is the most frequent technique of manufacture. LHcheM, Sample of hydrazine hydrate, CC BY-SA 3.0 What is Hydrazine? ... Read More

Introduction Hunsdiecker Reaction is an organic named reaction proposed by the scientist Alexander Borodin in the year 1861. It is named Borodin reaction, Hunsdiecker degradation, and Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction because of his contribution. Alexander Borodin synthesized methyl bromide by the reaction of silver acetate. But this is further demonstrated by Cläre Hunsdiecker and her husband Heinz Hunsdiecker for developing a new general method for the preparation of alkyl halides. And named Hunsdiecker reaction because of their contribution. There are many reviews and publications of this reaction as it involves the production of alkyl halides. The reaction includes the halogenation ... Read More