Found 122 Articles for Biology Articles

Introduction Sexually transmitted diseases or infections commonly occur by sexual contact, which leads to cancer, HIV, pregnancy complications, infertility, and infections to other parts of the body. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea, a human pathogen that is spread through sexual intercourse when the male and female have close contact with the genitals or body fluids. The incubation period of this infection is generally 3 to 5 days. It is highly contagious and causes worldwide morbidity and it usually affects the young population like other sexually transmitted diseases. A person who has a gonorrhea infection ... Read More

Introduction The male sex glands or gonads are known as testes or testicles; in females, it is known as ovaries. Within some lower invertebrates like hydrozoans, the gonads are temporary, but in higher invertebrates they are permanent. In organisms like worms and leeches, the gonads i.e both male and female gonads are present in a single individual. Usually, there are paired gonads which are responsible for the production of both, hormones and gametes which are necessary for reproduction. But in some species like male lizards, female crocodiles, female bats, etc only one gonad is seen. Development of gonads After the ... Read More

Introduction Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as a goiter. The thyroid may enlarge completely or it may produce one or more thyroid nodules, which are tiny lumps. At the base of the neck, the thyroid gland can be located and it is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland. It lies exactly below the larynx, in the front and sides of the trachea. It secretes thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating many elements of metabolism throughout a person's life as well as for normal growth and development of the brain in children, besides playing a crucial part in the ... Read More

Introduction to embryology The branch of biology that deals with the study of the growth and development of the embryo are known as embryology. It covers the field of study that researches cellular, molecular as well as structural factors that help in the development of a species. Human embryology deal with the process of evolution of human from fertilized egg to a birth of an infant this period is also known as prenatal development or period. The growth and development of infants do not put stop at birth. Their various changes take place after birth. This time is known as ... Read More

Introduction The fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) forms a zygote in sexual reproduction. The fusion of sperm with egg leads to the formation of the zygote is known as fertilization. Further, the zygotes develop to form an embryo. Fertilization can occur either outside the body or inside the female in animals. After fertilization, the egg can mature either inside or outside the female body. Generally, the egg has a protective covering over it if it develops outside the female body. All the animals present on the earth have different anatomical structures. Based on this the method ... Read More

Introduction to Elisa Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is shortly known as ELISA. It is one of the most important immunoassays tests. It can identify the presence of some substances in the blood using laboratory technique that includes antibodies, antigens, proteins, glycoproteins, and hormones. In this process, the antibodies and antigens are combined to get a significant result. The antibody is the production of a type of protein by the immune system of an individual. This protein type bind to specific regions of target antigens. In the case of certain infectious diseases, we can detect the presence of antibodies in the body. ... Read More

Introduction to the electron transport chain We already know that there are two pathways are theirs in cellular respiration namely glycolysis and cellular respiration. The main aim is to produce ATP. But most of the ATP is not produced directly from these pathways during the aerobic breakdown of glucose. The ATP is obtained from a process that starts with moving electrons through electron transporter series. That series finally underwent a series known as the electron transport chain. In matrix space, the hydrogen ions are piled up. The hydrogen ions that are accumulated in the matrix space started diffusing bypass through ... Read More

Introduction An electrocardiograph is a simple to test of the rhymes and electrical signals in the heart. This test able to detect heart diseases and monitors the health of the heart. An electrocardiograph is also known as an electrocardiogram, EGC, or EKG. As the electric impulses pass through our heart it produces a current that is passed through our body and reaches the skin. In this test, sensors are attached to the skin so that it can identify the heart's electrical activity. These electrical signals are recorded in the EGC machine. This EGC test is done by health care personnel ... Read More

Introduction Water is the fundamental resource that establishes the life of all living things on the planet. Water pollution caused by millions of people finally leads to the scarcity of water. Water pollution is caused due to various factors including industrial wastes. Oxygen level falls down as the basal temperature of water rises. Deforestation can result in the contamination of groundwater due to sedimentation and bacterial growth. Leaching of pesticides from agricultural activities reaches groundwater via underground channels. There are several adverse effects of this water pollution such that the disappearance of biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems, negative impact on human ... Read More

Introduction Wastes are unused and unwanted materials discarded by various sources (by humans and animals) such as houses, hospitals, institutes, offices, factories, crop fields, and vehicles. These wastes can be decomposed naturally. Some of them are not degraded easily, they contaminate our environments and show an adverse impact on the community's health, climate and daily life. There are a number of methods to dispose of wastes to conserve the environment and protect humans and animals. Why is waste disposal necessary? Decrease the effect of waste on the atmosphere and health. Recycle and reuse sources like paper, glass, cotton, cans, ... Read More