File descriptors are a low-level facility for working with files directly provided by the OS kernel. A file descriptor is an integer that identifies the open file in a table of open files kept by the kernel for each process. A number of system calls accept file descriptors, but they are not convenient to work with, typically requiring fixed-width buffers, multiple retries in certain conditions, and manual error handling.File objects are Python classes that wrap file descriptors to make working with files more convenient and less error-prone. For example, they provide error-handling, buffering, line-by-line reading and are closed when garbage ... Read More

You can check if your current script is connected with the terminal or not using the isatty() function. For example,import sys if sys.stdout.isatty():     print("Inside a terminal!") else:     print("Piped output")If you run the above from a terminal, you'll get the output:"Inside a terminal!"

File descriptors in Python are identifiers that represents the open files in the os kernel and are kept in a table of files. Typically, they have non-negative values. Negative results denote an error or a "no value" condition. They support a variety of file-related operations. In general, descriptors are a special approach Python uses to maintain attributes. The main things they assist with are accessing files and other input/output devices like network sockets or pipes. These operations take place on I/O streams identified by following file descriptors − close( fd ) File descriptor closure. This function must be used with ... Read More

The purpose of internal buffers, which are created by the runtime, library, and programming language that you're using, is to speed up operations by preventing system calls on every write. Instead, when writing to a file object, you write into its buffer, and when the buffer is full, system functions are used to write the data to the actual file. Syntax Following is the syntax of flush() function − File_name.flush() No parameters are accepted by it. This method returns nothing; its return type is . Example -1 The flush() method in the program below simply clears the file's internal ... Read More

Open(), a built-in function in Python, opens a file and returns a file object. Methods and properties in file objects can be used to gather data about the file you opened. They may also be used to modify the mentioned file. Open a file Two arguments are required for this function. The filename and full path are listed first, followed by access mode. A file object is returned by this function. syntax Following is the syntax used to open a file: open(filename, mode) Here, the filename and it's path are specified by a string argument, and the mode argument ... Read More

If you want to delete a folder containing all files and folders you want to remove, you can remove the folder(or tree) as follows:>>> import shutil >>> shutil.rmtree('my_folder')

Directories and files can be deleted using Python's built-in modules and functions. Removing files or directories is a significant process since, after you've destroyed a directory, it's difficult to get its contents back. Therefore, users can remove the directory and its contents without much difficulty by applying a few useful Python functions. Python has the following functions for removing a directory or folder − Using os.rmdir() function Python uses the os.rmdir() function to delete empty directories. In this scenario, the required directory must be empty; else, an OSError would be raised. If the directory doesn't exist, the FileNOtFoundError is thrown. ... Read More

Python's OS module includes functions for creating and removing directories (folders), retrieving their contents, altering, and identifying the current directory, and more. To interface with the underlying operating system, you must first import the os module. The location (path) of the executing program code can be obtained in Python. py with __file__. __file__ can be used to read other files based on the current file's location. Example In the following example, the os.getcwd() function produces a string str with the absolute path to the current working directory where Python is operating #Python program to get the path of the current ... Read More

To know the current working directory or pwd use the os module.For example>>> import os >>> print(os.getcwd()) /home/ayush/qna

You can change directory or cd in Python using the os module. It takes as input the relative/absolute path of the directory you want to switch to.For example>>> import os >>> os.chdir('my_folder')