Server Side Programming Articles - Page 2392 of 2646

In C++, arranging the elements in increasing or decreasing order is called as Sorting. we usually use the sort() function from the STL (Standard Template Library). A sorted array is an array whose each of the elements are sorted in some order such as numerical, alphabetical etc. There are many algorithms to sort a numerical array like bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, quick sort, heap sort, etc. The selection sort is a sorting method that yields a sorted array. It does so by repeatedly finding the smallest element in the array and interchanging it with the element ... Read More

The binary search algorithm works as per the divide-and-conquer principle, as it keeps dividing the array in half before searching. To search for an element in an array using binary search, it should be sorted. In the sorted array, we find the middle element and compare it with the element that has to be searched, and based on the comparison, we either search in the left or right sub-array or return the middle element. In this article, we are given a sorted array of integers, and our task is to search for the given target element using the binary search ... Read More

Constructors are functions of a class that are executed when new objects of the class are created. The constructors have the same name as the class and no return type, not even void. They are primarily useful for providing initial values for variables of the class.The two main types of constructors are default constructors and parameterized constructors. Details about these are given as follows.Default ConstructorsDefault constructors do not take any parameters. If a default constructor is not provided by the programmer explicitly, then the compiler provides a implicit default constructor. In that case, the default values of the variables are ... Read More

A nested class is a class that is declared in another class. The nested class is also a member variable of the enclosing class and has the same access rights as the other members. However, the member functions of the enclosing class have no special access to the members of a nested class. Syntax Here is the basic syntax defining and using nested classes in C++. class OuterClass { // Members of the outer classpublic: // Nested class definition class InnerClass { // Members of the inner class };}; Accessing Nested Classes To access a nested class from outside ... Read More

A class declared inside a function is known as a local class in C++ as it is local to that function, where its scope is limited to that function. Syntax Here the syntax for a local class is given as follows. #include using namespace std; void func() {  class LocalClass {  }; } int main() {  return 0; } In the above syntax, func() is a function, and class LocalClass is defined inside the function. So, it is known as a local class. A local class name can only be used in its function and not outside it. Also, the ... Read More

rand()The function rand() is used to generate the pseudo random number. It returns an integer value and its range is from 0 to rand_max i.e 32767.Here is the syntax of rand() in C language, int rand(void);Here is an example of rand() in C language, Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    printf("%d", rand());    printf("%d", rand());    return 0; }Output1804289383 846930886srand()The function srand() is used to initialize the generated pseudo random number by rand() function. It does not return anything.Here is the syntax of srand() in C language, void srand(unsigned int number);Here is an example of srand() in C ... Read More

The function fflush(stdin) is used to flush the output buffer of the stream. It returns zero, if successful otherwise, returns EOF and feof error indicator is set.Here is the syntax of fflush(stdin) in C language,int fflush(FILE *stream);Here is an example of fflush(stdin) in C language,Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    char s[20] = "Helloworld";    printf("The string : %s", s);    fflush(stdin);    return 0; }OutputThe string : Helloworld

The function ispunct() is used to check that the passing character is a punctuation or not. It returns zero, if it is not a punctuation, otherwise it returns a non-zero value.Here is the syntax of ispunct() in C language, int ispunct(int character);Here is an example of ispunct() in C language, Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    int a = '!';    int b = 'a';    if(ispunct(a))    printf("The character is a punctuation.");    else    printf("The character is not a punctuation.");    if(ispunct(b))    printf("The character is a punctuation.");    else    printf("The character is not a ... Read More

The function strspn() is used to calculate the length of substring of first string which is present in second string. It returns the length of that substring.Here is the syntax of strspn() in C language,size_t strspn(const char *string1, const char *string2);Here is an example of strspn() in C language,Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    const char s1[] = "Helloworld!";    const char s2[] = "Hello";    int length = strspn(s1, s2);    printf("The length of string : %d", length);    return 0; }OutputThe length of string : 5

The function strpbrk() is used to find the first character of first string and matches it to any character of second string. It returns NULL, if no matches are found otherwise, it returns a pointer to the character of first string that matches to the character of second string.Here is the syntax of strpbrk() in C language, char *strpbrk(const char *string1, const char *string2)Here is an example of strpbrk() in C language, Example Live Demo#include #include int main () {    const char s1[] = "Helloworld";    const char s2[] = "Blank";    char *result;    result = strpbrk(s1, ... Read More