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In this article, you will learn what is exception handling, object destruction, and Handing exception thrown in Object Destructor in C++. C++ Exception Handling An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero. Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++ exception handling is built upon three keywords: try, catch, and throw. try: This block contains the code ... Read More

To catch an exception for both base and derived classes, we need to put the catch block of the derived class before the base class. Otherwise, the catch block for the derived class will never be reached. This happens because C++ follows a top-down approach when checking catch blocks. So, by placing the derived class catch block first, we ensure that specific exceptions are handled correctly before falling back on the base class. Algorithm Following is the algorithm to catch Base and Derived classes Exceptions in C++: Begin Declare a class B. Declare another ... Read More

In C, a pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable or memory block, i.e direct address of the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before using it to store any variable or block address. Basic Pointer to a Function A pointer to a function is simply a variable that stores the address of a function instead of a normal data value. Syntax Following is the syntax of basic pointer to a function: Datatype *variable_name Algorithm Following is the algorithm for the basic pointer to a Function: Begin. ... Read More

Vectors have the ability to resize itself automatically like dynamic arrays when an element is inserted or deleted, the container handle their storage automatically. The main difference between vector resize() and vector reserve() is that resize() is used to change the size of vector where reserve() doesn’t. reserve() is only used to store at least the number of the specified elements without having to reallocate memory. But in resize() if the number is smaller than the current number then it resizes the memory and deletes the excess space over it. C++ vector::resize() The resize() is used to change the actual ... Read More

Vectors have the ability to resize itself automatically like dynamic arrays when an element is inserted or deleted, the container handle their storage automatically.The main difference between vector resize() and vector reserve() is that resize() is used to change the size of vector where reserve() doesn’t. reserve() is only used to store at least the number of the specified elements without having to reallocate memory. But in resize() if the number is smaller than the current number then it resizes the memory and deletes the excess space over it.vector::resize()Vector resize() is used to change its size.ExampleSteps in the source code:Begin ... Read More

The function tmpfile() creates a temporary file in binary update mode in C. It initializes in header file of a C program. It always returns a null pointer if the temporary file cannot be created. The temporary file deleted automatically just after the termination of program.SyntaxFILE *tmpfile(void)Return valueIf file creation is successful, the function returns a stream pointer to the temporary file created. If the file cannot be created, NULL pointer is returned.AlgorithmBegin.    Declare an array variable c[] to the character datatype and take a character data string.    Initialize a integer variable i ← 0.    Declare a ... Read More

In C++ file handling, the tellp() function is used with output streams, and returns the current put position of the pointer in the stream. It returns an integer data type, representing the current position of the stream pointer.tellp() method takes no parameter. It is written as: pos_type tellp();AlgorithmBegin.    Create an object newfile against the class fstream.    Call open() method to open a file “tpoint.txt” to perform write operation using object newfile.    Insert data into the file object newfile.    Call the tellp() method to print the present position of the pointer in the file object.    Call ... Read More

This is a C++ program to read file line by line.Inputtpoint.txt is having initial content as "Tutorials point."OutputTutorials point.AlgorithmBegin    Create an object newfile against the class fstream.    Call open() method to open a file “tpoint.txt” to perform write operation using object newfile.    If file is open then       Input a string “Tutorials point" in the tpoint.txt file.       Close the file object newfile using close() method.    Call open() method to open a file “tpoint.txt” to perform read operation using object newfile.    If file is open then       Declare a ... Read More

This is a C++ program to read data from a text file.Inputtpoint.txt is having initial content as “Tutorials point.”OutputTutorials point.AlgorithmBegin    Create an object newfile against the class fstream.    Call open() method to open a file “tpoint.txt” to perform write operation using object newfile.    If file is open then       Input a string “Tutorials point" in the tpoint.txt file.       Close the file object newfile using close() method.    Call open() method to open a file “tpoint.txt” to perform read operation using object newfile.    If file is open then       Declare ... Read More

In C language, file handling is used for various file actions such as to write, read, merge, etc. Merging Contents of Two Files into a Third FileTo merge the contents of two files into a third file, you need to open the first two files (whose content will be merged into the third file) in read mode and the third file in write mode. After opening the files, read the contents of the first file and write them to the third file, and similarly with the second file and appending them to the third file. Example Scenario Imagine these are ... Read More