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Programming Articles
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Python Alternate repr() implementation
In Python, if we want to limit the large amount of data from displaying, we can use the reprlib module. To use this module, we should import it using. import reprlib There are different classes and methods related to reprlib. These are − Class reprlib.Repr The Repr class provides formatting services. It creates functions like built-in repr(). In this class we can add size limits and different object types. Method reprlib.repr(object) This method is used to return string like built-in repr() method, But in this case there is a limits on most sizes. Repr Objects The Repr object ...
Read MoreColor game using Tkinter in Python
For developing GUI applications tkinter is very popular and easy. Using tkinter easily develop GUI games. Here also we are trying to develop color game. In this game the player has to enter color of the word that appears on the screen and hence the score increases by one, the total time to play this game is 30 seconds and colors used in this game are Red, Blue, Green, Pink, Black, Yellow, Orange, White, Purple and Brown. The interface will display name of different colors in different colors. User has to identify the color and enter the correct color name ...
Read MorePython program maximum of three.
Given three number a b and c, our task is that we have to find the maximum element in among in given number. Example Input: a = 2, b = 4, c = 3 Output: 4 Algorithm Step 1: input three user input number. Step2: Add three numbers to list. Step 3: Using max() function to find the greatest number max(lst). Step 4: And finally we will print maximum number. Example Code def maximum(a, b, c): list = [a, b, c] return max(list) # ...
Read MoreWhich is faster between C++ and C#?
C++ is a middle-level language. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. It is just an enhancement to C language and an object-oriented language. C# is modern and object-oriented language developed by Anders Hejlsberg. It is a part of the .NET framework. It is designed for Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). It is also a popular language. Difference between C++ and C# Both languages are object-oriented languages. C++ has low level of abstraction while C# has high level of abstraction. In C++, the program can be coded for any platform while in C#, the program is targeted towards windows ...
Read MoreAccess to the Shadow Password Database in Python
To access the UNIX shadow password database, we should use the spwd module. We need enough privileges to access this file. The shadow password database entries are like tuple like object. To use the spwd module, we should import it using − import spwd The attributes of the shadow password database are − Index Attribute & Description 0 sp_nam The Login Name or the username of the user 1 sp_pwd The Encrypted password 2 sp_lstchg Date of last change 3 sp_min Minimal number of days ...
Read MorePython Function to Check UNIX Passwords
To verify UNIX password, we should use the crypt module. It has crypt(3) routine. It is basically one-way hash function based on the modified DES algorithm. To use the crypt module, we should import it using. import crypt Method crypt.crypt(word, salt) This method takes two arguments. The first one is the word and second one is salt. The word is basically the user password, which is given in the prompt. The salt is a random string. It is used to perturb the DES Algorithm in one of 4096 ways. The salt contains only Upper-case, Lower-case, Numeric values ...
Read MoreTerminal Control Functions in Python
To change the terminal controls in the Unix system, we can use the tty related methods in Python. Using the tty module, we can set two different modes of the terminal. The raw Mode and the cbreak mode. To use the tty module, we should import it using − import tty There are some modules of the tty module, these are − Method tty.setraw(fd, when = termios.TCSAFLUSH) This method is used to change the terminal mode to raw mode. In the raw mode, the cursor moves to new line but the carriage return operation is not performed. Also ...
Read MorePseudo-terminal Utilities in Python
The Pseudo-terminal utility module pty is defined to handle pseudo-terminal concepts. Using this we can start another process, and also can read or write from controlling terminal using programs. This module is highly platform oriented. We should use UNIX systems to perform these operations. To use the pty module, we should import it using − import pty There are some modules of the pty module, these are − Method pty.fork() This method is used to connect the child controlling terminal to pseudo-terminal. This method returns the pid and the fd. The child process gets the pid 0, but ...
Read MorePython program to convert an array to an ordinary list with the same items
The array is given. Our task is to convert an array to an ordinary list. We solve this problem with the help of tolist() function. This function return the array as a (possibly nested) list. Algorithm Step 1: Given an array. Step 2: convert the array to a list using tolist() function. Step 3: Display list Example Code #Python program to convert an array to an ordinary #list with the same items from array import * def arraytolist(A): lst = A.tolist() # list print("The List Is ::>",lst) # Driver code A= array('i', [20,30,60]) # array arraytolist(A) Output The List Is ::> [20, 30, 60] The List Is ::> [20, 30, 60]
Read MoreInplace operator in Python
Definition - In-place operation is an operation that changes directly the content of a given linear algebra, vector, matrices(Tensor) without making a copy. The operators which helps to do the operation is called in-place operator. Eg: a+= b is equivalent to a= operator.iadd(a, b) There are some operators are used for In-place operation. iadd() This function is used to assign the current value and add them. This operator does x+=y operation. In case of strings, numbers assigning is not performed. Example a =operator.iadd(1, 3); print ("The result after adding : ", end="") print(a) Output ...
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