Found 451 Articles for Electron

Two Phase AC Transmission SystemWhen the transmission system consists of two line conductors for the transmission of AC electric power from generating station to the substations for its distribution, it is called the two phase AC transmission system.Depending upon the number of conductors used, the two phase AC transmission system is of two types, viz. −Two Phase Three Wire AC SystemTwo Phase Four Wire AC SystemConductor Material Required in Two Phase Three Wire AC SystemConsider a two-phase three-wire AC system as shown in Figure-1.There are two line conductors and one neutral wire is taken from the junction of two-phase windings ... Read More

Power Plant or Power StationA power plant or power station or generating station is an industrial facility for the generation of electrical power.A typical generating station or power plant consists of a prime mover (ex. steam turbine, water turbine, etc.) which is coupled to an alternator. The prime mover converts the energy from some source (ex. coal, water, radioactive materials, etc.) into mechanical energy. The alternator converts mechanical energy of the prime mover into electrical energy. The electrical energy produced by the alternator is transmitted and distributed with the help of conductors to the consumers.Apart from the prime mover and ... Read More

Load CurvesThe graph which shows the variation of load on the power station with respect to time is called the load curve of the power station.The load on a power station does not remain constant; it changes from time to time. These changes in the load on a power station during whole day (i.e. for 24 hours) are recorded half-hourly or hourly and are plotted with respect to time on the graph. The obtained graph is called the daily load curve of the power plant.The daily load curve shows the variation of load with respect to time during the day. ... Read More

The thermal power plant is a generating station which converts the heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy. The block diagram of a typical thermal power plant is shown in the figure below.The thermal power plant works on the Rankine cycle. In the thermal power plant, the steam is produced in the boiler by burning of coal. This steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. After the steam is expanded in the turbine, it is condensed in a condenser to be fed into the boiler again. The steam turbine drives the alternator which converts ... Read More

The function of an electrical power system is to connect the power generating station to a large number of consumers by means of interconnected system of transmission and distribution networks.Therefore, a typical electrical power system has three main parts, viz. −The power generating station, The transmission systems, andThe distribution systems.The transmission system is the connecting link between the power generating station and the distribution system, while the distribution system is the connecting link between the consumer’s loads and the transmission systems.The following figure shows a single-line diagram or one-line diagram of a simple electric power system.Generally, the power generating station ... Read More

A thermal power station or steam power plant is a generating station which converts the heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy.To achieve overall economy in power generation, the following factors should be considered while selecting a site for a thermal power plant −Supply of Fuel (Coal)The thermal plant should be located near the coal mines so that the transportation cost is minimum. Although, if the thermal power plant is to be installed at a place where coal is not available near the site, then care should be taken that adequate facilities exist for the transportation of coal.Water AvailabilitySince ... Read More

A nuclear power plant is a generating station which converts nuclear energy into electrical energy. The schematic diagram of a typical nuclear power station is shown in the figure. It mainly consists of the following parts −Nuclear ReactorHeat ExchangerSteam TurbineAlternator (or Electric Generator)Nuclear ReactorThe nuclear reactor is an apparatus in which nuclear fuel such as Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) is subjected to nuclear fission. The nuclear reactor controls the chain reaction which starts once the fission of the fuel is done. If the chain reaction is not controlled, the result will be an explosion due to fast increase in ... Read More

A power generating station which converts heat energy of the nuclear fission into electrical energy is called the nuclear power plant.The most important characteristic of a nuclear power plant is that a large amount of electrical energy can be produced from a relatively small amount of nuclear fuel. Therefore, the running cost of a nuclear power plant is lower than the thermal and diesel power plants.In practice, it has been found that the complete fission of 1 kg of Uranium (U235), which is a radioactive material can produce energy equivalent to that can be produced by the burning of 4500 ... Read More

A hydroelectric power plant is a generating station which converts the potential energy of water at high level into electrical energy.Generally, the hydroelectric power plants are installed in hilly areas where dams can be built and large water reservoirs can be obtained. In a hydroelectric power plant, the water head is created by constructing a dam across a river. From the dam, water is led to a water turbine. The water turbine converts the hydraulic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy. The turbine drives the alternator, which converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy.Schematic Diagram ... Read More

Generation of Electrical EnergyThe transformation of energy available in different forms in the nature into electrical energy is called the generation of electrical energy.Energy is available in various forms in the nature such pressure energy in water head, chemical energy in fuels, nuclear energy in radioactive materials, etc. All these forms of energy can be converted into electrical energy by using a suitable arrangement of equipment. A typical arrangement for the generation of electrical energy is shown in the following block diagram.Here, an alternator (an electric generator that generates alternating electrical energy) is coupled to a prime mover (device that ... Read More