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In MySQL, UNIX timestamp format is the way to represent time value as an integer. The integer value represented for the date value would be the number of seconds. The starting date for counting these number of seconds is ‘1970-01-01’.mysql> SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2017-10-22 04:05:36')AS 'Total Number of Seconds'; +-------------------------+ | Total Number of Seconds | +-------------------------+ | 1508625336 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)The UNIX_TIMESTAMP value is 10 digits long.
The range of date time value that we can pass as an argument to MySQL UNIX_TIMESTAMP function is the same as the range of TIMESTAMP data type i.e. between ‘1970-01-01 00:00:01’ to ‘2038-01-19 08:44:07’. If we give the date time values in UNIX_TIMESTAMP function beyond or below TIMESTAMP range, MySQL will return 0 as output. It can be understood with the help of the following example −mysql> select UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 08:44:07'); +---------------------------------------+ | UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2038-01-19 08:44:07') | +---------------------------------------+ | 2147483647 | +---------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ... Read More
In this case, MySQL will take into consideration right most unit given in compound INTERVAL unit. It will return the output after calculating the interval on the basis of single value provided in the enclosed set of unit values. The following example will clarify it −mysql> Select TIMESTAMP('2017-10-22 04:05:36' + INTERVAL '2 ' year_month) AS 'Only Month Value Changed'; +--------------------------+ | Only Month Value Changed | +--------------------------+ | 2017-12-22 04:05:36 | +--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)The query above changes the month (right most in compound INTERVAL unit) from 10 to 12 based on the single value ... Read More
In this case, MySQL will take into consideration the first value out of two provided in the enclosed set of unit values. It will return the output along with warning after calculating the interval, based on the considered value from an enclosed set, on the unit given in INTERVAL keyword. The following example will clarify it −mysql> Select TIMESTAMP('2017-10-22 04:05:36' + INTERVAL '4 2' Hour)AS 'HOUR VALUE INCREASED BY 4'; +---------------------------+ | HOUR VALUE INCREASED BY 4 | +---------------------------+ | 2017-10-22 08:05:36 | +---------------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> Show warnings; +---------+------+------------------------------------------+ | ... Read More
It is quite possible to get the sorted output on the basis of the column which is not even the part of that output or not in the result set. It can be done by selecting the required fields and writing the name of the fields on the basis of which sorting order is desired. Following is an example to demonstrate it, in which we sorted out the result set, having ‘Name’ and ‘Address’ fields, on the basis of column ‘id’.mysql> Select Name, Subject From Student ORDER BY Id; +---------+-----------+ | Name | Subject | +---------+-----------+ | Gaurav ... Read More
MySQL DATEDIFF() function also works with date and time values but it ignores the time value. Hence even if we include the time value in DATEDIFF() function MySQL will return the difference, in days, between dates by ignoring the time values.mysql> Select DATEDIFF('2018-10-22 04:05:36', '2017-10-22 03:05:45'); +-------------------------------------------------------+ | DATEDIFF('2018-10-22 04:05:36', '2017-10-22 03:05:45') | +-------------------------------------------------------+ | 365 | +-------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> Select DATEDIFF('2017-10-22 04:05:36', '2017-10-22 03:05:45'); +-------------------------------------------------------+ | DATEDIFF('2017-10-22 04:05:36', ... Read More
Data can be shifted between two computers implementing Socket programming in C.In same case, files can easily be sent implementing User Datagram Protocol(UDP) and a simple client/server.Security − Handled by encryption.Protocol − UDPEncryption − XOR encryptionAlgorithmThe server is started and waited for filename.A filename is sent by the client.This filename is received by the server. If file is present, server starts reading file and is continued to send a buffer filled with file contents encrypted until and unless file-end is reached.End of File is marked by EOF.File is received as buffers until and unless EOF is received. After that it ... Read More
In case of a given Binary Tree, convert it to a Binary Search Tree in such a way that keeps the original structure of Binary Tree intact.Sets of C++ STL will be used by this solution instead of array based solution.ExamplesExample 1Input 11 / \ 3 8 / \ 9 5Output 9 / \ 5 11 / \ 3 8Example 2Input 11 / \ 31 16 / \ 21 ... Read More
Binomial Heap is defined as an extension of Binary Heap that provides faster merge or union operation together with other operations provided by Binary Heap.A Binomial Heap is treated as a collection of Binomial Trees.What is a Binomial Tree?A Binomial Tree of order k can be built by taking two binomial trees of order k-1 and treating one as leftmost child or other.A Binomial Tree of order k has below properties.The number of nodes of Binomial Tree has exactly 2k.The depth of Binomial Tree is k.There are exactly kCi nodes at depth i where i = 0, 1, . . ... Read More
2’s Complement Number System is widely implemented in computer architecture.N-bit 2’s Complement number System can be able to represent Number from -2n-1 to 2n-1- 14 Bit can be able to represent numbers from ( -8 to 7 )5 Bit can be able to represent numbers from ( -16 to 15 ) in 2’s Complementary System.Overflow happens with respect to addition when 2 N-bit 2’s Complement Numbers are appended and the answer is too large to fit into that N-bit Group.A computer contains N-Bit Fixed registers. Result of addition of two N-Bit Number will result maximum N+1 Bit number.Carry Flag stores ... Read More