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Http/2 is the newer version of the Http protocol. The improvements of Http/2 include focusing on how data is framed and transported between server and client. In this new version of the Http/2 protocol, separate classes have defined for the Http client, requests, and responses. The new API makes Http connections more easily maintained, faster, and allows for a more responsive application without the need for third-party libraries.The new API handles HTTP connections through three classes.HttpClient: It handles the creation and sending of requests.HttpRequest: It is used to construct a request to be sent via the HttpClient.HttpResponse: It holds the ... Read More
The varargs functionality has been introduced in Java to facilitate the creation of methods with a variable number of arguments without resorting to array-type parameters or overloaded versions of the same method.Before Java 9 versions, if vararg methods are used with generics, then there is a warning message. Even though not all methods create heap pollution, compiler shows warning for all vararg methods used with generics. That's the reason @SafeVarargs concept was added to Java 9 version to avoid these warnings. If we added this annotation, then the compiler stops these warnings.We can compile the code by using the below commandjavac -Xlint:unchecked ... Read More
Yes, we can have private methods or private static methods in an interface in Java 9. We can use these methods to remove the code redundancy. Private methods can be useful or accessible only within that interface only. We can't access or inherit private methods from one interface to another interface or class.Syntaxinterface { private static void methodName() { // some statements } private void methodName() { // some statements } }Exampleinterface Java9Interface { public abstract void method1(); public default void method2() { method4(); method5(); ... Read More
JShell is the first REPL tool introduced in Java 9. We can able to execute simple snippets in a command-line prompt by using JShell tool. We can start a JShell session by typing "jshell" command, stop the session by typing "/exit" command, and search for particular command by using "/help" command.The "/reload" command can be used to re-execute all existing snippets in JShell. We can also remove all prior code from a JShell session by using the "/reset" command.In the below code snippet, we have created a set of snippets.jshell> 2+10 $1 ==> 12 jshell> String s = "Tutorialspoint" s ... Read More
Java 9 version has introduced new enhancements and added new features. It includes JShell, Http2Client, Java Platform Module System (JPMS), Multi-release jar files, Stack Walking API, Private methods in an interface, Process API updates, Collection API updates, Stream API improvements, and etc.Below are the few differences between Java 8 and Java 9In Java 8 and earlier versions, the top-level component is the package. It places a set of related types (classes, interfaces, enums, and etc) into a group, and also contains a set of resources whereas Java 9 introduces a new component: module, which can be used to place a ... Read More
IIn this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to delete elements in the C++ STL list.For this, we will be using the pop_back() and pop_front() function to delete the element from last and the front respectively.Example Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; int main(){ listlist1={10,15,20,25,30,35}; cout
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to initiate a multidimensional array in C/C++.While declaring a multidimensional array, the value of the leftmost dimension can be left empty, but all other dimensions must be provided.Example Live Demo#include int main(){ int a[][2] = {{1,2},{3,4}}; printf("%lu", sizeof(a)); getchar(); return 0; }Output16
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand extended integral types in C/C++.The data types in C are very loosely defined. Their range values changes on the basis of the compiler being 32 or 64 bit. To specify the compiler range you want to use in your program we use intN_t.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int main(){ uint8_t i; //mentioning the bit to be 8 i = 0; cout
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to find the floor and ceil of a sorted array using C++ STL.To find the floor and ceil of a sorted array we will use lower_bound() and upper_bound() functions from STL respectively.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; //finding floor of given array void printFloor(int arr[], int n1, int findFloor[], int n2){ int low; cout findFloor[i]) cout
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to draw a line in C++ graphics.To implement different shapes and sizes, animations, graphics.h library is used in C++.Example#include int main(){ int gd = DETECT, gm; initgraph(&gd, &gm, ""); line(150, 150, 450, 150); line(150, 200, 450, 200); line(150, 250, 450, 250); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }Output