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Network software encompasses a broad range of software used for design, implementation, and operation and monitoring of computer networks. Traditional networks were hardware based with software embedded. With the advent of Software – Defined Networking (SDN), software is separated from the hardware thus making it more adaptable to the ever-changing nature of the computer network.Functions of Network SoftwareHelps to set up and install computer networksEnables users to have access to network resources in a seamless mannerAllows administrations to add or remove users from the networkHelps to define locations of data storage and allows users to access that dataHelps administrators and ... Read More
In client server computing, the clients requests a resource and the server provides that resource. A server may serve multiple clients at the same time while a client is in contact with only one server. Both the client and server usually communicate via a computer network but sometimes they may reside in the same system.An illustration of the client server system is given as follows −Characteristics of Client Server ComputingThe salient points for client server computing are as follows:The client server computing works with a system of request and response. The client sends a request to the server and the ... Read More
Modem stands for Modulator and Demodulator. It is a device that modulates signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.A modem transmits data in bits per second (bps).It is necessary for communication between digital devices and Analog devices.Modem is necessary because it acts as a translator between the devices and rapidly transmits the information.It converts the digital signal to Analog and vice versa to communicate between devices.It encodes the signal and decodes at the other end and vice versa between the devices.Building blocks of modem are shown in the diagram below −Types of ... Read More
Recursion, a potent programming technique, entails the resolution of a problem by decomposing it into smaller, more manageable sub problems and applying the same algorithm to solve them. In the realm of Java programming, recursion proves to be an invaluable tool when it comes to printing the binary representation of an integer. The binary equivalent, expressed in a base-2 numeral system that employs only two digits, 0 and 1, poses a common challenge in the field. In this article, we shall embark to unravel the intricacies of printing the binary equivalent of an integer using recursion in Java. Our ... Read More
A prime number is a number that is divisible only by two numbers itself and one. The factor of a number is a number that can divide it.The list of the first ten prime numbers is 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 23, 29, 31.A number that is not prime is a composite number. A composite number is a number that can be divided by more than two numbers.Else then prime and composite there is 1 which is neither Prime nor composite because it can be divided only by itself.How to check if a number is prime or composite ... Read More
The lexical analysis is the first phase of the compiler where a lexical analyser operate as an interface between the source code and the rest of the phases of a compiler. It reads the input characters of the source program, groups them into lexemes, and produces a sequence of tokens for each lexeme. The tokens are sent to the parser for syntax analysis.If the lexical analyzer is located as a separate pass in the compiler it can need an intermediate file to locate its output, from which the parser would then takes its input. It can eliminate the need for ... Read More
Computer registers are high-speed memory storing units. It is an element of the computer processor. It can carry any type of information including a bit sequence or single data.A register should be 32 bits in length for a 32-bit instruction computer. Registers can be numbered relies upon the processor design and language rules.The instructions in a computer are saved in memory locations and implemented one after another at a time. The function of the control unit is to fetch the instruction from the memory and implement it. The control does the similar for all the instructions in the memory in ... Read More
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides a secure and reliable connection between two devices using the 3-way handshake process. TCP uses the full-duplex connection to synchronize (SYN) and acknowledge (ACK) each other on both sides. There are three steps for both establishing and closing a connection. They are − SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.3-Way Handshake Connection Establishment ProcessThe following diagram shows how a reliable connection is established using 3-way handshake. It will support communication between a web browser on the client and server sides whenever a user navigates the Internet.Synchronization Sequence Number (SYN) − The client sends the SYN to the serverWhen ... Read More
Graph coloring is the procedure of assignment of colors to each vertex of a graph G such that no adjacent vertices get same color. The objective is to minimize the number of colors while coloring a graph. The smallest number of colors required to color a graph G is called its chromatic number of that graph. Graph coloring problem is a NP Complete problem.Method to Color a GraphThe steps required to color a graph G with n number of vertices are as follows −Step 1 − Arrange the vertices of the graph in some order.Step 2 − Choose the first ... Read More
In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC system is the expression of energy efficiency. The power factor (PF) is defined as the ratio of active power (measured in Watts) to the apparent power (measured in VA). The power factor expresses the ratio of true power which is used in an AC circuit to the total power delivered to the circuit. Mathematically, the power factor can be expressed using the following formula − $$\mathrm{Power \: factor \, \mathrm{=}\, \frac{Active \: power}{Apparent \: power}}$$ There are two major terms are associated with the power factor of an AC circuit viz. ... Read More