Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
ASCII CodeASCII is a 7-bit character code where every single bit represents a unique character.Every English alphabet has a unique decimal ascii code.We are required to write a function that takes in two strings and calculates their ascii scores (i.e., the sum of ascii decimal of each character of string) and returns the difference.ExampleLet's write the code for this −const str1 = 'This is the first string.'; const str2 = 'This here is the second string.'; const calculateScore = (str = '') => { return str.split("").reduce((acc, val) => { return acc + val.charCodeAt(0); }, 0); ... Read More
We are required to compare the time taken respectively by the ES6 functions forEach() and reduce() for summing a huge array of numbers.As we can't have a huge array of numbers here, we will simulate the magnitude of array by performing the summing operation for large number of times (iterations)ExampleLet's write the code for this −const arr = [1, 4, 4, 54, 56, 54, 2, 23, 6, 54, 65, 65]; const reduceSum = arr => arr.reduce((acc, val) => acc + val); const forEachSum = arr => { let sum = 0; arr.forEach(el => sum += el); return ... Read More
We are required to write a JavaScript function that takes in two numbers, say, a and b and returns the total number of prime numbers between a and b (including a and b, if they are prime).For example −If a = 2, and b = 21, the prime numbers between them are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19And their count is 8. Our function should return 8.Let’s write the code for this function −ExampleFollowing is the code −const isPrime = num => { let count = 2; while(count < (num / 2)+1){ if(num ... Read More
The cursor can be used to fetch multiple rows from a DB2 table. However, we have to fetch this cursor in a loop so that values corresponding to a single row are assigned to host variables at a time. Based on this logic we have to process our loop till the cursor reaches the last row result.The SQLCODE field takes the value as 100 when there are no more rows left in the cursor to be fetched. Practically, we can implement this in the following way.SET WF-END-CURSOR-N TO TRUE PERFORM UNTIL WF-END-CURSOR-Y EXEC SQL FETCH ORDER_CUR ... Read More
The CURSOR is used when we have to fetch multiple rows from a table. There are 4 steps involved in order to use a cursor in a COBOL-DB2 program.DECLARE cursor− In this step we will define the layout of the cursor. We will give the query we want to use. For example−EXEC SQL DECLARE ORDER_CUR CURSOR FOR SELECT ORDER_ID FROM ORDERS WHERE ORDER_DATE = ‘2020-07-28’ END-EXECOPEN cursor− Next we will open our cursor. This statement readies the cursor for data retrieval. For example−EXEC SQL OPEN ORDER_CUR END-EXECFETCH cursor− In this statement, we start fetching the data from DB2 and the ... Read More
The standalone SELECT statement is generally used when we use a primary or an alternate key in the WHERE clause. Therefore, In this case we are certain that the standalone select statement will return only one row since the primary key cannot have a duplicate value (multiple rows).If we want to query the database using a non-unique key which could return multiple rows from a DB2 table, we have to use a cursor to handle the multiple rows returned. We can access the cursor in a loop to read each row data one by one.For example, if we want to ... Read More
A NULL indicator is a 2 bytes field which serves the multiple purpose. This indicator takes the value as -1 when any DB2 column has NULL value and it takes the value as 0 when DB2 column has a non NULL value.Although the main purpose of the NULL indicator is to check whether a column has a NULL value or not, this indicator can take a value of -2 as well. A -2 value in this indicator states that a NULL value was assigned to the host variable as a result of evaluating an expression with an arithmetic error, or ... Read More
When we define the DB2 table, we can declare any column as “NOT NULL” which means that in any case this column cannot store NULL value.Now if we try to store a NULL value in this column in our COBOL-DB2 program using -1 value in the NULL indicator then our query will fail. In this case the SQLCODE field of SQLCA will give the error code as -407. As per the IBM documentation -407 error code states that−“AN UPDATE, INSERT, OR SET VALUE IS NULL, BUT THE OBJECT COLUMN CANNOT CONTAIN NULL VALUES”.
We will make use of NULL indicator in order to store a NULL value in any column of a DB2 table. Firstly, we should move a value -1 in the NULL indicator in our COBOL-DB2 program. After that we execute UPDATE or INSERT query to store the NULL value.For example, if we have to update a NULL value in the ORDER_DESCRIPTION column of the ORDER table where ORDER_ID is 3345612.A020-UPDATE-ORDERS. MOVE -1 TO ORDER-DESCRIPTION-N MOVE SPACES TO ORDER-DESCRIPTION-DATA EXEC SQL UPDATE ORDERS SET ORDER_DESCRIPTION = ... Read More
The COUNT function in DB2 is used to return the number of rows which satisfies the given criteria. The GROUP BY is used to divide the rows in the groups based on the criteria given in the query.If we perform the GROUP BY on INVOICE_ID and there are few rows having NULL value in INVOICE_ID then the null values form a separate group. For example, if we have below table.ORDER_IDINVOICE_IDA112343214A556113214A99867NULLA556713214A88907NULLA560126701On executing the query which performs GROUP BY on INVOICE_ID and counts the number of rows, we will get the result below.SELECT INVOICE_ID, COUNT(*) AS INVOICE COUNT FROM ORDERS GROUP BY ... Read More