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The Timsort is a stable sorting algorithm that uses the idea of merge sort and insertion sort. It can also be called as a hybrid algorithm of insertion and merge sort. It is widely used in Java, Python, C, and C++ inbuilt sort algorithms. The idea behind this algorithm is to sort small chunks using insertion sort and then merge all the big chunks using the merge function of the merge sort algorithm.WorkingIn this algorithm, the array is divided into small chunks. The chunks are known as RUN. Each RUN is taken and sorted using the insertion sort technique. After ... Read More
Delannoy Numbers − A Delannoy number D describes the number of paths from the southwest corner(0, 0) to northeast corner(a, b) in a rectangular grid using only allowed steps east ( →), northeast ( ↗ ) and north ( ↑ ).Thus, we can say that a recurrence relation is, D(a, b) = D(a-1, b) + D(a, b-1) + D(a-1, b-1) where D(0, 0)=1.For example, the Delannoy number D(3, 3) equals 63.Algorithm to find the Delannoy NumberTake two coordinates (a, b) as Input.An Integer function generateDelannoy(int a, int b) which takes coordinates ‘a’ and ‘b’ as input.In the base case, we ... Read More
Given an IP Address, the task is to validate this IP address and check whether it is IPv6 or not with the help of ReGex(Regular Expression). If the IP Address is valid then print “IPv6 Address” otherwise print “Not”.A valid IPv4 address is an IP in the form "XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX" where each Xi digit is a hexadecimal digit. For example, Input-1 −IP= “3001:0da8:82a3:0:0:8B2E:0270:7224”Output −“Not”Explanation − This is not a valid IPv6 address, return “Not”.Input-2 −IP= “2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334”Output −“IPv6”Explanation − This is a valid IPv6 Address, return “IPv6”.Approach to solve this problemTo check whether the given IP address is IPv6 or not, we ... Read More
Given an IP Address, the task is to validate this IP address and check whether it is IPv4 or not with the help of ReGex(Regular Expression). If the IP Address is valid then print “IPv4 Address” otherwise print “Not”.A valid IPv4 address is an IP in the form "X1.X2.X3.X4" where 0
Let’s suppose we’ve given a 9×9 matrix called a Sudoku. The task is to check whether the given Sudoku Pattern is valid or not.In general, a Sudoku board look like this, Rules of Sudoku −Every row contains a number in the range 1-9Every column contains numbers in the range 1-9.Each block of 3×3 contains unique numbers in it.A particular row cannot have the same number.A particular column cannot have the same number.For ExampleInput-1 −sudoku[]= [["3", "5", ".", ".", "2", ".", ".", ".", "."] , ["7", ".", ".", "1", "6", "5", ".", ".", "."] , [".", "9", "8", ... Read More
In the given problem, we have to update the bit of the given index of a number. To update the number, we can use Bit Manipulation operation on a given number. For example, Input-1 −N= 25 bit= 1 position= 2Output −29Explanation − Since the given input 25 can be written in binary as ‘11001’ whereas the position index is ‘2’ and the bit is ‘1’. After replacing the digits at the given position the output will be ‘11101’ which is equivalent to ‘29’.Approach to solve this problemIn the given position or index of a number, the task is to update ... Read More
static_assert is a function which is useful for programmers to print the error in the screen after compiling the program without messing up with the output too much.Earlier in C++11 and C++14, static_assert had different functionality which means we have to write our own message while defining the static_assert. However, In C++ 17 static_assert can be invoked without passing the message.It is compatible with other asserts libraries functions like BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT as well.Syntax{ auto __range= For-range-Intializer; auto __begin= begin-expression; auto __end= end-expression; for(; __begin!= __end; ++__begin){ range-declaration= *__begin; statement } ... Read More
In the given array of sorted integers, the task is to print the squares of every array element and print the array in sorted order. For example, Input-1 −arr[ ] = { -3, -1, 0, 1, 4, 6 };Output −{0, 1, 1, 9, 16, 36}Explanation − The squares of each of the elements of the given array [-3, -1, 0, 1, 4, 6 ] is [0, 1, 1, 9, 16, 36 ].Input-2 −arr[ ]= { 0, 1, 2, 8, 9 }Output −{0, 1, 4, 64, 81}Explanation − The squares of each of the elements of the given array [ 0, ... Read More
Given an array of 0, 1 and 2 sort the element in an order such that all the zeros come first before 1 and all the 2’s in the end. We have to sort all the elements of the array in-place.We can solve this problem using DNF (Dutch National Flag) Sorting Algorithm. For example, Input-1 −arr[ ]= {2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1 }Output −0 0 1 1 2 2Explanation − Sorting the given array of elements containing 0, 1 and 2 using the DNF Sorting Algorithm, it will print the output as {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2}.Input-2 −arr[ ... Read More
Given an array of 0, 1, and 2, sort the elements in an order such that all the zeros come first before 1 and all the 2’s in the end. We have to sort all the elements of the array in-place.We can solve this problem using DNF (Dutch National Flag) Sorting Algorithm. For example, Input-1 −arr[ ]= {2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1 }Output −0 0 1 1 2 2Explanation − Sorting the given array of elements containing 0, 1 and 2 using DNF Sorting Algorithm, it will print the output as {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2}.Input-2 −arr[ ]= ... Read More