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ProblemIn C language, is the program executed, if we use an uninitialized array?SolutionIf we use any uninitialized array, compiler will not generate any compilation and an execution error.If an array is uninitialized, you may get unpredictable result.So, it’s better we should always initialize the array elements with default values.Example ProgramFollowing is the C program of accessing an uninitialized array − Live Demo#include int main(void){ int a[4]; int b[4] = {1}; int c[4] = {1,2,3,4}; int i; //for loop counter //printing all alements of all arrays printf("Array a:"); for( i=0; i
Suppose you have an array with four elements. Then, an array indexing will be from 0 to 3, i.e., we can access elements from index 0 to 3.But, if we use index which is greater than 3, it will be called as an index out of bounds.If, we use an array index which is out of bounds, then the compiler will compile and even run. But, there is no guarantee for the correct result.Result can be not sure and it will start causing many problems. Hence, it is advised to be careful while using an array indexing.Example ProgramFollowing is the ... Read More
Pointer to structure holds the address of an entire structure.Mainly, these are used to create the complex data structures such as linked lists, trees, graphs and so on.The members of the structure can be accessed by using a special operator called arrow operator ( -> ).DeclarationFollowing is the declaration for pointer to structure −struct tagname *ptr;For example, struct student *s;AccessingYou can access pointer to structure by using the following −Ptr-> membername;For example, s->sno, s->sname, s->marks;ExampleFollowing is the C program of the pointer structures −#include struct student{ int sno; char sname[30]; float marks; }; main ( ){ ... Read More
Passing the address of structure as an argument to function −The Address of the structure is passed as an argument to the function.It is collected in a pointer to structure in function header.AdvantagesNo wastage of memory as there is no need of creating a copy againNo need of returning the values back as the function can access indirectly the entire structure and work on it.Example#include struct date{ int day; int mon; int yr; }; main (){ struct date d= {02, 01, 2010}; display (&d); getch (); } display (struct date *dt){ printf("day = ... Read More
Passing individual members as arguments to function −Each member is passed as an argument in the function call.They are collected independently in ordinary variables in function header.Example#include //Declaring structure// struct student{ int s1,s2,s3; }s[5]; //Declaring and returning Function// void addition(int a,int b,int c){ //Declaring sum variable and For loop variable// int i,sum; //Arithmetic Operation// for(i=1;i
Passing entire structure as an argument to function −Name of the structure variable is given as argument in function call.It is collected in another structure variable in function header.DisadvantageA copy of the entire structure is created again wasting memoryProgramFollowing program demonstrates passing an entire structure as an argument to function − Live Demo#include //Declaring structure// struct add{ int var1; int var2; }a; //Declaring and returning Function// void show(struct add a){ //Declaring sum variable// int sum; //Arithmetic Operation// sum=a.var1+a.var2; //Printing O/p// printf("Added value is %d", sum); } void main(){ //Declaring structure// struct ... Read More
Typedef‘C’ allows to define new datatype names using the ‘typedef’ keyword. Using ‘typedef’, we cannot create a new datatype but define a new name for already existing type.Syntaxtypedef datatype newname;Exampletypedef int bhanu; int a; bhanu a; %dThis statement tells the compiler to recognize ‘bhanu’ as another name for ‘int’.‘bhanu’ is used to create another variable ‘a’ .‘bhanu a ‘declares ‘a’ as a variable of type ‘int’.Example#include main (){ typedef int hours; hours h; //int h; clrscr (); printf("Enter hours”); scanf ("%d”, &h); printf("Minutes =%d”, h*60); printf("Seconds = %d”, h*60*60); getch (); ... Read More
ProblemCan we declare a structure with no members in C, if yes what will be the size of that structure?SolutionYes, it is allowed in C programming language that we can declare a structure without any member and in that case the size of the structure with no members will be 0 (Zero). It will be a Zero size structure.Example Live Demo#include //structure with no members struct temp{ }; int main(){ //declaring structure variable struct temp T; printf("Size of T: %d", sizeof(T)); return 0; }OutputIn this C program, we are declaring a structure named "temp" without declare ... Read More
The atoi() is predefined function used to convert a numeric string to its integer value.Create a customized atoi()The atoi() only converts a numeric string to integer value, so we need to check the validity of the string.If this function encounters any non-numeric character in the given string, the conversion from string to integer will be stopped.Example Live Demo#include #include #include int main(){ int value; char string1[] = "3567"; value = atoi(string1); printf("String value = %s", string1); printf("Integer value = %d", value); char string2[] = "TutorialsPoint"; value = atoi(string2); printf("String value ... Read More
Following is the logic we implement to find alphabets, digits and special characters −for(number=0;string[number]!='\0';number++) {// for loop until endof string if(string[number]>='a'&&string[number]='A'&&string[number]='0'&&string[number]='a'&&string[number]='A'&&string[number]='0'&&string[number]