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Technical articles with clear explanations and examples

How to find the proportion of each value for a cross tab obtained from a data frame in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 1K+ Views

To find the proportion of each value for a cross tab obtained from a data frame, we can use prop.table function. Suppose we have a data frame called df that contains three columns, two categorical say C1 and C2 and one numerical say Y then the cross tab will be created by using the command xtabs(Y~.,df). Now the proportion of each value can be found by using prop.table(xtabs(Y~.,df),1).Example1Consider the below data frame − Live Demof1

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How to change the point size in geom_point conditionally in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 2K+ Views

To change the point size in geom_point conditionally, we can define the condition in geom_point with aes and the size using scale_size_manual function of ggplot2 package. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two columns say x and y then the scatterplot with different size of points for x values greater than 5 and less than equal to 5 can be drawn by using the below command −ggplot(df, aes(x, y))+geom_point(aes(size=x>5))+scale_size_manual(values=c(4, 7))ExampleConsider the below data frame − Live Demox6))+scale_size_manual(values=c(4, 7)) Output

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How to create a list of regression models for predefined vectors in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 2K+ Views

To create a list of regression models for predefined vectors, we can create a blank list and then use the for loop to create the list of regression models. For example, if we have two vectors say x and y, and we want to create a list of regression model between x and y then we create a blank list using list() and perform for loop a particular number of times as shown in the below examples.Example1 Live Demox

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How to add approximately equal sign in a plot using ggplot2 in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 631 Views

To add approximately equal sign in a plot using ggplot2, we can use tilde sign twice as ~~ in geom_text function of ggplot2 package. For example, we can do this by using the following syntax geom_text(aes(label="NULL%~~%")). Check out the below example to understand how it works.ExampleConsider the below data frame − Live Demox

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Word Dictionary using Python Tkinter

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 3K+ Views

In this article, we will create a GUI-based dictionary using PyDictionary and Tkinter Module.PyDictionary is a Python Module that helps to get meaning translations, antonyms and synonyms of words. It uses WordNet for getting meanings, Google for translations, and synonym.com for getting synonyms and antonyms. PyDictionary uses BeautifulSoup, Requests module as the dependencies.In order to create the application, we will first install these modules in our environment using pip install PyDictionaryAfter installing, we will create a tkinter frame and some other element.Example# Import Required Librares from tkinter import * from PyDictionary import PyDictionary # Create instances and objests dictionary ...

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Window Resizer Control Panel in Tkinter

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 480 Views

In this article, we will create a GUI-based window resizer control panel that will have a pane to resize the window by its height or width.In order to create the application, we will first create a slider that will help to resize the window size. The sliders are available in the ttk library of tkinter. We will import “ttk” first. Then, we will launch a new window which needs to be resized.Let us first import all the required libraries in the notebook and design the control bars using sliders.Example# Import the required Libraries from tkinter import * from tkinter import ...

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What does the 'tearoff' attribute do in a Tkinter Menu?

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 1K+ Views

Using Tkinter.Menu, we can create menus and submenus. Also, there are some other properties which are used with tkinter menus.Tearoff property makes the menus in the window as tearable. tearoff attribute accepts a Boolean value to separate the menu from the main window or the parent window. With tearoff attribute, we have two options, If tearoff=0, make the menu stick to the Window.If tearoff=1, it display a “----” empty dotted lines on the menus through which we can separate our menu from the window.Example#Importing the tkinter library from tkinter import * win= Tk() win.title("Tearoff Example") win.geometry("600x500") #Define a Function ...

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Tkinter bell() method

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 854 Views

Tkinter bell() method produces the default event or dialogue sound of the system. This method can be invoked in the default window or frame. We can change the sound of the window by going to the system configuration.In this example, we will create a button that will make the default sound.Example#Import the library from tkinter import * #Create an instance of tkinter frame win= Tk() #Define the size of the window win.geometry("700x150") win.resizable(0, 0) #Define the Bell function def click():    win.bell() Button(win, text= "Click Me", command= click).pack(pady=20) win.mainloop()OutputRunning the above code will create ...

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Ratio Calculator GUI using Tkinter

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 516 Views

In this article, we will see how to create a functional application that calculates the ratio. In order to make it fully functional, we will use SpinBox method that generally creates an ideal spinner for a value. This value can be modified using the spinner widget in the frame. Thus, a SpinBox object takes values in the range from minimum to maximum.First, we will create a tkinter frame inside which we will define some widgets.Examplefrom tkinter import * win = Tk() win.title("Ratio Calculator") win.geometry("600x500") win.resizable(0, 0) #Create text Label for Ratio Calculator label= Label(win, text="Ratio Calculator", font=('Times New ...

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Python program to find the sum of sine series

Dev Prakash Sharma
Dev Prakash Sharma
Updated on 06-Mar-2021 2K+ Views

Let us consider that we have a value x and we have to calculate the sum of sine(x) series. In a sine(x) series, there are multiple terms such that, sine(x) = x− x^3/fact(3) + x^5/fact(5) −x^7/fact(7)....In order to solve the particular series-based problem, we will first take the degree as the input and convert it into radian. To find out the sum of the total number of terms in this series, we will first iterate over all the given terms and find out the sum by operations.Approach to solve this ProblemTake input of Limit and degree.Iterate over the terms and ...

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